Table 1 Descriptive characteristics of the study population from Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Etiology Research Center cohort (N = 4400).

From: Associations between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and cognitive impairment and the effect modification of inflammation

Variables

Total (N = 4400)

Normal: FLI† < 30 (N = 2985, 67.8%)

NAFLD: FLI† ≥ 30 (N = 1415, 32.2%)

p value

Age, years, Mean (SD)

57.0 (3.9)

56.8 (3.9)

57.3 (3.8)

 < 0.001

Female sex, N (%)

3310 (75.2)

2442 (81.8)

868 (61.3)

 < 0.001

Education, years, N (%)

   

0.039

≤ 9

971 (22.1)

629 (21.1)

342 (24.2)

 

9–12

2046 (46.5)

1420 (47.6)

626 (44.2)

 

12+

1383 (31.4)

936 (31.4)

447 (31.6)

 

Household income, million KRW/year, N (%)

   

0.051

≤ 36 (Q1)

1096 (25.0)

712 (24.0)

384 (27.3)

 

> 36,  ≤ 60 (Q2)

1095 (25.0)

772 (26.0)

323 (22.9)

 

 > 60,  ≤ 84 (Q3)

1095 (25.0)

746 (25.1)

349 (24.8)

 

> 84 (Q4)

1095 (25.0)

742 (25.0)

353 (25.1)

 

Currently married, N (%)

3845 (87.4)

2598 (87.0)

1247 (88.1)

0.332

Current drinker, N (%)

2649 (60.2)

1778 (59.6)

871 (61.6)

0.220

Current smoker, N (%)

237 (5.4)

110 (3.7)

127 (9.0)

 < 0.001

Diabetes mellitus‡, N (%)

497 (11.3)

203 (6.8)

294 (20.8)

 < 0.001

Hypertension§, N (%)

1287 (29.2)

677 (22.7)

610 (43.1)

0.003

Cognitive impairment, N (%)

666 (15.1)

422 (14.1)

244 (17.2)

0.008

 MMSE, Mean (SD)

26.3 (2.6)

26.4 (2.6)

26.1 (2.7)

0.003

WBC, /uL, Mean (SD)

5525 (1502)

5271 (1407)

6060 (1555)

 < 0.001

hsCRP, mg/dL, Mean (SD)

1.3 (3.1)

1.1 (2.9)

1.9 (3.4)

 < 0.001

  1. †FLI = \(100 \times \frac{{e^{{0.953 \times log_{e} \left( {triglycerides} \right) + 0.139 \times \left( {BMI} \right) + 0.718 \times log_{e} \left( {{\upgamma } - {\text{GTP}}} \right) + 0.053 \times \left( {\text{waist circumference}} \right) - 15.745}} }}{{1 + e^{{0.953 \times log_{e} \left( {triglycerides} \right) + 0.139 \times \left( {BMI} \right) + 0.718 \times log_{e} \left( {{\upgamma } - {\text{GTP}}} \right) + 0.053 \times \left( {\text{waist circumference}} \right) - 15.745}} }}\).
  2. ‡Diabetes was defined as a participant satisfying one of the following three conditions: (1) fasting plasma glucose ≥ 126 mg/dL, (2) glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) ≥ 6.5%, (3) self-reported diabetes diagnosis or the use of anti-diabetic medications.
  3. §Hypertension was defined as participants who satisfied one of the following three conditions: (1) systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg, (2) diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg, (3) self-reported diagnosis of hypertension or the use of anti-hypertensive medications.
  4. Cognitive impairment was defined as MMSE < 24.
  5. NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; FLI, fatty liver index; SD, standard deviation; KRW, Korean Republic won; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; WBC, white blood cell; hsCRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; BMI, body mass index; γ-GTP, gamma-glutamyl transferase.
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