Table 4 Incident migraine in patients with diabetes according to level of diabetic retinopathy.

From: Investigation of the correlation between diabetic retinopathy and prevalent and incident migraine in a national cohort study

Level of DR

Events of migraine

Person-years

HR (95% CI)

Crude

Age and gender

Multivariable

Level 0

617

501,244

1 (reference)

1 (reference)

1 (reference)

Level 1 to 4

167

122,016

1.12 (0.94–1.33)

0.94 (0.80–1.12)

0.93 (0.78–1.11)

Level 1

99

74,975

1.08 (0.87–1.33)

0.89 (0.72–1.10)

0.88 (0.71–1.10)

Level 2

35

23,490

1.22 (0.86–1.71)

1.13 (0.80–1.58)

1.08 (0.76–1.53)

Level 3

10

4056

2.01 (1.08–3.75)

1.49 (0.80–2.79)

1.46 (0.78–2.74)

Level 4

23

19,494

0.96 (0.64–1.46)

0.86 (0.57–1.30)

0.83 (0.55–1.27)

  1. Hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) for 5-year incident migraine after the index date for patients with diabetes mellitus screened for diabetic retinopathy (DR) according to level of DR (level 0 used as reference).
  2. CI confidence interval.
  3. Level of DR given by the worse eye.
  4. Multivariable model adjusted adjusted for sex, age, marital status, use of lipid lowering drugs and Charlson comorbidity index: myocardial infarct, congestive heart failure, cerebrovascular disease, chronic pulmonary disease, connective tissue disease/rheumatologic disease, ulcer disease, mild liver disease, hemiplegia/hemiplegia or paraplegia, any malignancy (including leukemia and lymphoma), moderate-severe liver disease, solid metastatic tumor, and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
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