Table 6 Summary of the range of results (minimum to maximum) for short-term Estimated Daily Intake (EDI) and Chronic Daily Intake (CDI) for each metal across all samples (n = 50) representing the worst-case exposure scenario at a high theoretical ingestion rate (i.e. 200 g day−115) of medicinal herbs or preparations and corresponding limits.

From: Novel metallomic profiling and non-carcinogenic risk assessment of botanical ingredients for use in herbal, phytopharmaceutical and dietary products using HR-ICP-SFMS

Element

High EDI range (µg (kg BW)−1d−1)

High CDI range (µg (kg BW)−1d−11)

(Provisional)Reference oral dose ((p)RfD)/European dietary limits

Min

Max

Min

Max

(µg (kg BW)−1d−1)

References

Li

0.05*

11.33*

 < 0.00

0.08

pRfD

2.0

29

Be

0.01

0.35

 < 0.00

 < 0.00

TDId

2.0

36

Mo

0.21*

12.87*

 < 0.00

0.09

UL

10.0

30

Cd

0.01

0.93

 < 0.00

0.01

TWI

0.0025a

37

Sn

0.02

0.47

 < 0.00

 < 0.00

TWI

14.0a

30

Pt

0.01

0.09

 < 0.00

 < 0.00

N/A

Hg (inorganic)

0.01

0.09

 < 0.00

 < 0.00

TWI

0.004

38

Tl

0.01*

0.26*

 < 0.00

 < 0.00

pRfD

0.08

31

Pb

0.03*

12.14*

 < 0.00

0.12

BMDLb

0.5–1.5

32

Bi

0.01

0.08

 < 0.00

 < 0.00

NOAEL

1000c

39

Ti

0.37

157.17

 < 0.00

1.11

N/A

V

0.04

5.02

 < 0.00

0.04

RfD

9.0

40

Cr

0.28

12.96

 < 0.00

0.09

TDId

300e

41

Co

0.06*

1.86*

 < 0.00

0.01

TDI

1.4

34

Ni

0.66*

17.32*

 < 0.00

0.12

TDI

13.0

35

Cu

5.46

18.11

0.05

0.18

AI

1.6f

42

  1. Calculation of each individual analytical results not shown in table. Element(s) highlighted in bold(*) are in exceedance of accompanying dietary limits. aTolerable weekly intake (TWI) = mg (kg BW)−1wk−1; bBenchmark dose levels (BMDL’s) for Pb (µg (kg BW)−1d−1): 0.5 (BMDL01 [Developmental neurotoxicity]), 1.5 (BMDL01 [blood pressure]) and 0.63 (BMDL10 [kidneys])33; cNo adverse effect level (NOAEL) = mg (kg BW)−1d−1; dTolerable daily intake (TDI); eTDI for Cr(III); fAverage intake (AI) = mg day−1.
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