Table 1 General characteristics of study subjects.
From: Association of compliance with COVID-19 public health measures with depression
Variables | Depression (PHQ-9 ≥ 10) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Men | Women | |||||||||
Total | Yes | p-value | Total | Yes | p-value | |||||
N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % | |||
Total (n = 195,243) | 89,135 | 100 | 1,620 | 1.82 | 106,108 | 100 | 3,481 | 3.28 | ||
COVID-19 quarantine rules performance score | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||||||
Bad (0–1 point) | 713 | 0.8 | 30 | 4.2 | 535 | 0.5 | 33 | 6.2 | ||
Moderate (2 points) | 4,591 | 5.2 | 135 | 2.9 | 4,658 | 4.4 | 219 | 4.7 | ||
Good (3 points) | 83,831 | 94.0 | 1,455 | 1.7 | 100,915 | 95.1 | 3,229 | 3.2 | ||
Age (years) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||||||
19–29 | 11,463 | 12.9 | 245 | 2.1 | 12,247 | 11.5 | 537 | 4.4 | ||
30–39 | 10,968 | 12.3 | 244 | 2.2 | 11,838 | 11.2 | 430 | 3.6 | ||
40–49 | 15,176 | 17.0 | 250 | 1.6 | 16,982 | 16.0 | 438 | 2.6 | ||
50–59 | 17,837 | 20.0 | 247 | 1.4 | 21,064 | 19.9 | 537 | 2.5 | ||
60–69 | 17,165 | 19.3 | 247 | 1.4 | 20,702 | 19.5 | 519 | 2.5 | ||
70– | 16,526 | 18.5 | 387 | 2.3 | 23,275 | 21.9 | 1,020 | 4.4 | ||
Educational level | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||||||
Under high school | 21,506 | 24.1 | 570 | 2.7 | 40,475 | 38.1 | 1,563 | 3.9 | ||
Graduated high school | 67,629 | 75.9 | 1,050 | 1.6 | 65,633 | 61.9 | 1,918 | 2.9 | ||
Employment status | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||||||
White collar | 19,880 | 22.3 | 250 | 1.3 | 19,356 | 18.2 | 475 | 2.5 | ||
Pink collar | 9,397 | 10.5 | 173 | 1.8 | 16,558 | 15.6 | 468 | 2.8 | ||
Blue collar | 35,754 | 40.1 | 423 | 1.2 | 20,864 | 19.7 | 432 | 2.1 | ||
None or else | 24,104 | 27.0 | 774 | 3.2 | 49,330 | 46.5 | 2,106 | 4.3 | ||
Household income | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||||||
Low | 10,013 | 11.2 | 447 | 4.5 | 17,865 | 16.8 | 987 | 5.5 | ||
Middle low | 27,834 | 31.2 | 541 | 1.9 | 32,953 | 31.1 | 1,154 | 3.5 | ||
Middle high | 24,060 | 27.0 | 350 | 1.5 | 25,388 | 23.9 | 696 | 2.7 | ||
High | 27,228 | 30.5 | 282 | 1.0 | 29,902 | 28.2 | 644 | 2.2 | ||
Smoking status | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||||||
No | 60,024 | 67.3 | 934 | 1.6 | 103,357 | 97.4 | 3,154 | 3.1 | ||
Yes | 29,111 | 32.7 | 686 | 2.4 | 2,751 | 2.6 | 327 | 11.9 | ||
Alcohol consumption | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||||||
< 1time/month | 33,635 | 37.7 | 742 | 2.2 | 71,093 | 67.0 | 2,324 | 3.3 | ||
≥ 1 times/month | 55,500 | 62.3 | 878 | 1.6 | 35,015 | 33.0 | 1,157 | 3.3 | ||
Physical activity | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||||||
Low | 50,540 | 56.7 | 1,061 | 2.1 | 66,284 | 62.5 | 2,510 | 3.8 | ||
High | 38,595 | 43.3 | 559 | 1.4 | 39,824 | 37.5 | 971 | 2.4 | ||
Chronic diseasea | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||||||
None | 60,799 | 68.2 | 987 | 1.6 | 74,026 | 69.8 | 2,213 | 3.0 | ||
Has disease | 28,336 | 31.8 | 633 | 2.2 | 32,082 | 30.2 | 1,268 | 4.0 | ||
Subjective health status | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||||||
Good | 48,765 | 54.7 | 313 | 0.6 | 47,638 | 44.9 | 586 | 1.2 | ||
Normal | 32,063 | 36.0 | 581 | 1.8 | 43,120 | 40.6 | 1,220 | 2.8 | ||
Bad | 8,307 | 9.3 | 726 | 8.7 | 15,350 | 14.5 | 1,675 | 10.9 | ||
