Figure 2 | Scientific Reports

Figure 2

From: Activation of nano-photosensitizers by Y-90 microspheres to enhance oxidative stress and cell death in hepatocellular carcinoma

Figure 2

Combining Y-90 microspheres with nano-photosensitizers results in enhanced singlet oxygen radical production in cell-free media. Marked increase in singlet oxygen radial production was seen in the presence of nano-photosensitizers (A) hypericin 500 nM, (B) titanocene bound to human serum albumin (TC) 1 μM, and (C) TiO2 50 μg/mL with both low and high Y-90 microsphere activities compared to either alone. This effect was diminished in the presence of the singlet oxygen radical scavenger sodium azide (NaN3). Values represent mean ± standard deviation of five measurements. ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001.

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