Table 14 Direct, indirect, and total effects of air pollutants after fitting SAR models on COVID-19 related mortality (on 30 November 2020).
Mortality | NO2 | O3 | PM2.5 | PM10 | Benzene | BaP | As | Cd | Ni |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
50 km cut-off | |||||||||
Direct | 2.3269* | 2.1134*** | 2.6286 | 4.5615** | 7.2183 | − 53.23** | 40.967** | 8.0853 | − 1.6735 |
Indirect | 1.0979* | 0.7499*** | 1.2263 | 1.9812** | 3.1039 | − 12.499* | 4.295 | 1.0438 | − 0.2199 |
Total | 3.4248* | 2.8633*** | 3.8549 | 6.5428** | 10.3222 | − 65.73** | 45.262** | 9.1291 | − 1.8934 |
75 km cut-off | |||||||||
Direct | 1.7172 | 2.0314*** | 4.5455** | 4.4158*** | 9.2222 | − 60.233** | 33.386** | 7.887 | 2.0672 |
Indirect | 3.7215 | 3.1054*** | 7.0176** | 8.9492** | 15.269 | − 45.629* | 15.144* | 4.187 | 1.1182 |
Total | 5.4387 | 5.1368*** | 11.5631** | 13.365** | 24.491 | − 105.86** | 48.529** | 12.074 | 3.1854 |
100 km cut-off | |||||||||
Direct | 1.6667 | 1.736*** | 4.8023*** | 4.3457*** | 6.2353 | − 54.388** | 33.805** | 7.6199 | 5.7642 |
Indirect | 5.747 | 4.0897*** | 13.174** | 13.92** | 17.376 | − 78.399* | 33.985* | 8.6825 | 7.2964 |
Total | 7.4138 | 5.8258*** | 17.977** | 18.266** | 23.611 | − 132.79* | 67.79** | 16.302 | 13.061 |
No cut-off | |||||||||
Direct | 3.0365** | 2.6732*** | 5.9807** | 6.9644*** | 17.531 | − 56.517* | 44.895*** | 4.1072 | 2.5805 |
Indirect | 47.926 | 32.356 | 89.77 | 107.51 | 244.88 | − 433.78 | 298.83 | 28.476 | 18.689 |
Total | 50.962 | 35.029 | 95.75 | 114.47 | 262.41 | − 490.302 | 343.72 | 32.584 | 21.27 |
