Table 2 Neurocognitive profiles of primary Sjögren’s syndrome patients with memory complaints: global cognitive abilities, memory functions abilities, executive functions abilities, instrumental functions abilities.

From: The interplay between cognition, depression, anxiety, and sleep in primary Sjogren’s syndrome patients

Cognitive assessments

Number of studied patients

Patients with borderline scores (n, %)

Patients with pathological scores (n, %)

Patients with borderline or pathological scores (n, %)

Global neurocognitive profiles impairment (integrating memory, executive and instrumental functions)

32

15 (47%)

17 (53%)

32 (100%)

Memory functions impairment

Global memory functions

32

15 (47%)

12 (37%)

27 (84%)

Storage component

32

7 (22%)

4 (12%)

11 (34%)

Attention and executive component

32

13 (41%)

12 (37%)

25 (78%)

Executive functions impairment

Global executive functions

32

23 (72%)

7 (22%)

30 (94%)

Executive functioning

32

20 (63%)

3 (9%)

23 (72%)

Attentional resources

32

21 (66%)

7 (22%)

28 (88%)

Instrumental functions impairment

Global instrumental functions

30

4 (13%)

5 (17%)

9 (30%)

Language

30

3 (10%)

3 (10%)

6 (20%)

Visuospatial agnosia and skills

30

4 (13%)

4 (13%)

8 (26%)

  1. n number of patients. Global memory functions were assessed through: (1) storage component (part of Free and Cued Reminding Selective Test, FCRST) and (2) attention and executive components (combining FCRST and digit span results). Executive functions evaluation was performed via Digit Symbol Substitution Test (subpart of Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Fourth Edition, WAIS-IV), Trail making test (TMT), Rey-Osterrieth complex figure test, Verbal Fluency Test (VFT), and Stroop Color and Word and Interference Test. Instrumental functions were tested through praxis’ test, Visual Object and Space Perception (VOSP), and picture naming test (D080).
  2. Global memory impairment was confirmed when at least one of its subcomponents was abnormal; global executive functions impairment was confirmed when at least three executive components were abnormal; global instrumental functions impairment was confirmed when at least one of the instrumental components was abnormal.