Table 1 General characteristics of the study population.

From: Association between lifestyle factors and the risk of metabolic syndrome in the South Korea

Variables	Metabolic syndrome
	Male							Female
	Total		Yes		No		P-value	Total		Yes		No		P-value
	N	%	N	%	N	%	P-value	N	%	N	%	N	%	P-value
Total	2835	100	726	25.6	2,109	74.4		4160	100	517	12.4	3,643	87.6
The number of poor lifestyle factor
0	189	6.7	36	19.0	153	81.0	< 0.0001	522	12.5	47	9.0	475	91.0	< 0.0001
1	786	27.7	177	22.5	609	77.5		1733	41.7	207	11.9	1526	88.1
2	1076	38.0	276	25.7	800	74.3		1465	35.2	203	13.9	1262	86.1
3	576	20.3	165	28.6	411	71.4		393	9.4	54	13.7	339	86.3
≥ 4	208	7.3	72	34.6	136	65.4		47	1.1	6	12.8	41	87.2
Age (years)
19–29	617	21.8	66	10.7	551	89.3	< 0.0001	705	16.9	22	3.1	683	96.9	< 0.0001
30–39	676	23.8	181	26.8	495	73.2		993	23.9	79	8.0	914	92.0
40–49	625	22.0	188	30.1	437	69.9		1079	25.9	130	12.0	949	88.0
50–59	452	15.9	158	35.0	294	65.0		798	19.2	121	15.2	677	84.8
≥ 60	465	16.4	133	28.6	332	71.4		585	14.1	165	28.2	420	71.8
Marital status
Living w/ spouse	1821	64.2	557	30.6	1264	69.4	< 0.0001	2922	70.2	384	13.1	2538	86.9	0.032
Living w/o spouse	1014	35.8	169	16.7	845	83.3	< 0.0001	1238	29.8	133	10.7	1105	89.3	0.032
Region
Capital area	1865	65.8	437	23.4	1428	76.6	< 0.0001	2756	66.3	337	12.2	2419	87.8	0.584
Rural	970	34.2	289	29.8	681	70.2	< 0.0001	1404	33.8	180	12.8	1224	87.2	0.584
Occupational categories^a
White	1101	38.8	300	27.2	801	72.8	0.002	1348	32.4	97	7.2	1251	92.8	< 0.0001
Pink	336	11.9	92	27.4	244	72.6		641	15.4	86	13.4	555	86.6
Blue	778	27.4	211	27.1	567	72.9		435	10.5	70	16.1	365	83.9
Inoccupation	620	21.9	123	19.8	497	80.2		1736	41.7	264	15.2	1472	84.8
Educational level
Middle school or less	295	10.4	84	28.5	211	71.5	0.311	614	14.8	161	26.2	453	73.8	< 0.0001
High school	1042	36.8	253	24.3	789	75.7		1448	34.8	183	12.6	1265	87.4
College or over	1498	52.8	389	26.0	1109	74.0		2098	50.4	173	8.2	1925	91.8
Household income
Low	265	9.3	72	27.2	193	72.8	0.743	396	9.5	97	24.5	299	75.5	< 0.0001
Mid-low	594	21.0	156	26.3	438	73.7		925	22.2	129	13.9	796	86.1
Mid-high	879	31.0	229	26.1	650	73.9		1294	31.1	156	12.1	1138	87.9
High	1097	38.7	269	24.5	828	75.5		1545	37.1	135	8.7	1410	91.3
Perceived stress
Yes	769	27.1	205	26.7	564	73.3	0.435	1236	29.7	144	11.7	1092	88.3	0.323
No	2066	72.9	521	25.2	1545	74.8	0.435	2924	70.3	373	12.8	2551	87.2	0.323
Subjective health status
Good	1075	37.9	226	21.0	849	79.0	< 0.0001	1391	33.4	123	8.8	1268	91.2	< 0.0001
Normal	1472	51.9	416	28.3	1056	71.7		2206	53.0	301	13.6	1905	86.4
Bad	288	10.2	84	29.2	204	70.8		563	13.5	93	16.5	470	83.5
Family history of HTN
No	1874	66.1	471	25.1	1403	74.9	0.418	2446	58.8	310	12.7	2136	87.3	0.566
Yes	961	33.9	255	26.5	706	73.5	0.418	1714	41.2	207	12.1	1507	87.9	0.566
Family history of DM
No	2300	81.1	551	24.0	1749	76.0	< 0.0001	3263	78.4	390	12.0	2873	88.0	0.070
Yes	535	18.9	175	32.7	360	67.3	< 0.0001	897	21.6	127	14.2	770	85.8	0.070
Family history of hyperlipidemia
No	2656	93.7	684	25.8	1972	74.2	0.497	3798	91.3	484	12.7	3314	87.3	0.030
Yes	179	6.3	42	23.5	137	76.5	0.497	362	8.7	33	9.1	329	90.9	0.030
Lifestyle factor
Sedentary time
Normal	1216	42.9	297	24.4	919	75.6	0.211	1962	47.2	245	12.5	1717	87.5	0.913
Less or over	1619	57.1	429	26.5	1190	73.5	0.211	2198	52.8	272	12.4	1926	87.6	0.913
Alcohol use disorder
Never or moderate	1875	66.1	438	23.4	1437	76.6	0.000	3833	92.1	478	12.5	3355	87.5	0.7750
Severe	960	33.9	288	30.0	672	70.0	0.000	327	7.9	39	11.9	288	88.1	0.7750
Smoking
Nonsmoker or Ex-smoker	1832	64.6	436	23.8	1396	76.2	0.003	3944	94.8	488	12.4	3456	87.6	0.6480
Current smoker	1003	35.4	290	28.9	713	71.1	0.003	216	5.2	29	13.4	187	86.6	0.6480
Diet intake
Normal	1417	50.0	364	25.7	1053	74.3	0.923	1681	40.4	172	10.2	1509	89.8	0.0010
Over	1418	50.0	362	25.5	1056	74.5	0.923	2479	59.6	345	13.9	2134	86.1	0.0010
Sleep duration
Normal	2317	81.7	578	24.9	1739	75.1	0.003	3349	80.5	403	12.0	2946	88.0	0.1170
Less or over	518	18.3	148	28.6	370	71.4	0.003	811	19.5	114	14.1	697	85.9	0.1170

Inoccupation group includes housewife.
^aThree groups (white, pink, blue) based on International Standard Classification Occupations codes.

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Table 1 General characteristics of the study population.

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