Table 4 CNN and RNN compared the experimental prediction results.

From: A conditional random field based feature learning framework for battery capacity prediction

CNN

RNN

RMSE

MAPE

Single layer

LSTM

0.0367

0.0264

GRU

0.0589

0.0352

BiLSTM

0.0496

0.0314

Double layer

LSTM

0.0248

0.0141

GRU

0.0316

0.0236

BiLSTM

0.0421

0.0272