Table 5 Determinants of microvascular retinopathy, and vessel caliber in subjects with OSA, hospital controls or with COPD in a multivariate analysis.

From: Obstructive sleep apnea, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and hypertensive microvascular disease: a cross-sectional observational cohort study

 

(a) OSA and hospital controls

(b) OSA and COPD

OR

95% CI

p value

OR

95% CI

p value

Microvascular retinopathy

27.17

5.62 to 131.4

< 0.01

6.67

1.27 to 34.82

0.02

Age

1.03

0.98 to 1.07

0.24

1.01

0.97 to 1.06

0.40

BMI

1.05

0.99 to 1.11

0.11

1.02

0.95 to 1.09

0.59

Smoking history

   

0.37

0.04 to 3.17

0.36

Hypertension

2.07

1.03 to 4.17

0.04

1.17

0.49 to 2.77

0.73

Dyslipidemia

2.29

1.09 to 4.81

0.03

0.60

0.26 to 1.39

0.23

Retinal arteriole caliber

− 13.19

− 19.25 to − 7.13

< 0.01

− 16.67

− 23.2 to − 10.12

< 0.01

Age

− 0.17

− 0.45 to 0.11

0.24

− 0.39

− 0.65 to − 0.15

< 0.01

BMI

− 0.09

− 0.46 to 0.27

0.62

− 0.31

− 0.67 to 0.06

0.10

Smoking history

   

3.51

− 3.36 to 10.41

0.32

Hypertension

− 1.6

− 6.81 to 3.47

0.52

− 2.09

− 7.55 to 3.36

0.45

Dyslipidemia

0.06

− 4.90 to 5.02

0.98

− 0.28

− 5.32 to 4.76

0.91

Retinal venular caliber

− 19.94

− 29.04 to − 10.87

< 0.01

− 27.13

− 37.57 to − 16.68

< 0.01

Age

− 0.64

− 1.06 to − 0.23

< 0.01

− 0.80

− 1.20 to − 0.40

< 0.01

BMI

0.33

− 0.22 to 0.89

0.24

− 0.18

− 0.77 to 0.40

0.53

Smoking history

   

8.27

− 2.68 to 19.27

0.14

Hypertension

− 1.95

− 9.65 to 5.76

0.62

− 0.19

− 8.88 to 8.51

0.97

Dyslipidemia

− 0.92

− 8.36 to 6.51

0.81

2.38

− 5.65 to 10.42

0.56

  1. This study included a.individuals with OSA or hospital controls or b. individuals with OSA or COPD; and examined for microvascular retinopathy, retinal arteriole calibre or retinal venular calibre taking into account the same variables for each that were demonstrated in Tables 3 and 4 (age, BMI, smoking history, hypertension diagnosis and dyslipidemia).
Back to article page