Table 2 Case 1: Forecasting results of different grey models44.
From: Forecasting of energy consumption by G20 countries using an adjacent accumulation grey model
Year | Actual value | GM (1,1) | RPE % | EOGM (1,1) | RPE % | DAGM (1,1)10 | RPE % |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2005 | 1590.7 | 1590.7 | 0 | 1590.7 | 0 | 1590.7 | 0 |
2006 | 1815.3 | 1896.7 | 4.484107 | 1847.3 | 1.762794 | 1825.6 | 0.567399 |
2007 | 2106.7 | 2084.3 | 1.06327 | 2077.8 | 1.37181 | 2073.4 | 1.58067 |
2008 | 2327.1 | 2291.1 | 1.54699 | 2302.6 | 1.05281 | 2320.5 | 0.28361 |
2009 | 2547.4 | 2518.5 | 1.13449 | 2536.2 | 0.43966 | 2568.1 | 0.812593 |
2010 | 2794.1 | 2768.5 | 0.91622 | 2786.9 | 0.25769 | 2813.1 | 0.680004 |
2011 | 3059.7 | 3043.2 | 0.53927 | 3056.4 | 0.10785 | 3058.5 | 0.03922 |
2012 | 3303.3 | 3345.3 | 1.271456 | 3333.8 | 0.923319 | 3303.3 | 0 |
MAPE | – | 38.65 | – | 21.15 | – | 15.85 | – |
MAE | – | 31 | – | 17.2 | – | 11.26 | – |
RMSE | – | 1.37 | – | 0.74 | – | 0.49 | – |
2013 | 3576 | 36,773 | 2.83277 | 3650.3 | 2.07774 | 3547.6 | 0.79418 |
2014 | 3856.6 | 4042.3 | 4.815122 | 3987.4 | 3.391588 | 3791.3 | 1.6932 |
MAPE | – | 149.58 | – | 106.37 | – | 50.35 | – |
MAE | – | 143.5 | – | 102.55 | – | 46.85 | – |
RMSE | – | 3.82 | – | 2.73 | – | 1.24 | – |
