Table 2 Parameters of the compartment model for GN- transmission.
Parameters | Description [Units] | Baseline value | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
Λ | Birth rate [annual number of new-borns/population size/365 days] | 0.000032a | DEIS, Chilean Ministry of Health 51 |
\(\varnothing\) | Death rate [annual number of all deaths/population size/365 days] | 0.000019b | DEIS, Chilean Ministry of Health 51 |
\({\xi }_{C}\) | Probability of a bacterial resistant bloodstream infection to occur in the community [%] | \({\xi }_{H}\)/100 | We used a comparison ratio described elsewhere25 |
\({\xi }_{H}\) | Probability of a bacterial resistant bloodstream infection to occur in the hospital [%] | 0.011 | Incidence of BSI84 for GN- in the community, based on OECD standards for E. coli, P. aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae14 |
\({V}_{C}\) | Disease-induced drug-resistant mortality rate for people with BSIs in the community [1/unit time] [%] | 0.368 | |
\({V}_{H}\) | Disease-induced drug-resistant mortality rate for patients with BSIs in the hospital [1/unit time] [%] | \({V}_{C}\)/1.31 | |
\(\alpha\) | Rate at which those in the hospital return to the community | 0.32 | |
\(\gamma\) | Spontaneous clearance of colonisation [%] | 1/42 per day | |
\(\beta\)H | Overall transmission rate for GN-ARB in the community [coefficient] | 0.0005308 | Estimated using hospital data 81,87 See supplementary material, section B |
\(\beta\)C | Overall transmission rate for GN-ARB in the hospital [coefficient] | \(\beta\)H*0.25 c | Using \(\beta\) H and comparison ratio from the literature for the relationship between hospital and community transmission 25 |
\({\omega }_{H}\) | Spontaneous clearance of a bloodstream infection caused by a GN-ARB, and or treatment received to eliminate it in the hospital [%] | 0.2 per day | |
\({\omega }_{C}\) | Spontaneous clearance of a bloodstream infection caused by a GN-ARB, and or treatment received to eliminate it in the community [%] | 0.25*\(\omega\)H | We assumed spontaneous clearance or treatment received is less likely to occur in the community compared to the hospital |
\(\eta\) | Average duration of the bacteremia in days until people either are removed or recovered | 0.10 | |
\(\rho\) | Low/High-risk coefficient for transmission in people facing a low/high exposure to ARB reservoirs [coefficient] | 1 and 1.27 | Estimated for low and high-risk scenarios See supplementary material, section B |
\(\delta\) | Hospitalization rate for people in the community [%] | 5.4 × 10–5 | Estimated See supplementary material, section B |
\({\delta }_{I}\) | Hospitalization rate for people with community-acquired BSI caused by a GN-ARB [%] | 0.8 | Assumed |
\(\epsilon\) | Antibiotic exposure in the community [coefficient] | 0.01253 | DDD per 1000 inhabitants (12.53) extracted from 90 |
