Figure 4
From: Direct constraint control for EM-based miniaturization of microwave passives
Initial (gray) and optimized (black) S-parameters of Circuit I. The vertical and horizontal lines mark the target operating bandwidth and the acceptance level for the matching |S11| and isolation |S41| responses. Also shown is the evolution of the circuit size and constraint violations (in case of feasibility, violations shown as zero): (a) design scenario I (bandwidth 1.45–1.55 GHz), (b) design scenario II (bandwidth 1.47–1.53 GHz).
