Table 1 General characteristics and cardiometabolic factors of study participants across tertiles of PDI, hPDI and uPDI.

From: Association between plant-based diets and metabolic health status in adolescents with overweight and obesity

 

Tertiles of PDI

Tertiles of hPDI

Tertiles of uPDI

T1 (n = 61)

T2 (n = 71)

T3 (n = 71)

P-value1

T1 (n = 72)

T2 (n = 65)

T3 (n = 66)

P-value1

T1 (n = 62)

T2 (n = 74)

T3 (n = 67)

P-value1

Range

 < 51

51–55

 > 55

–

 < 50

50–57

 > 57

–

 < 49

49–58

 > 58

–

Sex, n (%)

Boys

28 (45.9)

35 (49.3)

38 (53.5)

0.68

42 (58.3)

29 (44.6)

30 (45.5)

0.19

40 (64.5)

37 (50.0)

24 (35.8)

0.01

Girls

33 (54.1)

36 (50.7)

33 (46.5)

 

30 (41.7)

36 (55.4)

36 (54.5)

 

22 (35.5)

37 (50.0)

43 (64.2)

 

Age (year)

14.1 ± 1.62

13.9 ± 1.69

13.9 ± 1.53

0.67

13.9 ± 1.50

14.1 ± 1.62

14.0 ± 1.73

0.75

13.9 ± 1.82

14.0 ± 1.54

14.0 ± 1.49

0.91

Weight (kg)

72.4 ± 9.89

72.1 ± 11.06

75.8 ± 13.19

0.12

76.4 ± 10.96

72.2 ± 11.31

71.6 ± 12.11

0.03

72.4 ± 12.17

72.9 ± 10.96

75.1 ± 11.75

0.35

Height (cm)

164.3 ± 7.97

162.7 ± 7.64

164.0 ± 8.26

0.49

166.0 ± 8.28

162.4 ± 8.00

162.3 ± 6.99

0.01

163.6 ± 7.95

163.9 ± 8.09

163.3 ± 7.89

0.91

BMI3 (kg/m2)

26.8 ± 2.61

27.1 ± 2.81

28.1 ± 3.96

0.05

27.6 ± 2.66

27.3 ± 2.85

27.1 ± 4.09

0.64

27.0 ± 3.32

27.0 ± 3.15

28.1 ± 3.19

0.09

Waist circumference (cm)

89.1 ± 7.09

90.1 ± 7.07

91.6 ± 9.26

0.20

92.6 ± 6.91

89.0 ± 7.17

89.2 ± 9.17

0.01

89.4 ± 9.59

90.4 ± 6.72

91.2 ± 7.51

0.46

Physical activity levels, n (%)

Sedentary

23 (37.7)

28 (39.4)

38 (53.5)

0.07

41 (56.9)

36 (55.4)

12 (18.2)

 < 0.001

12 (19.4)

28 (37.8)

49 (73.1)

 < 0.001

Low-activity

25 (41.0)

25 (35.2)

27 (38.0)

 

28 (38.9)

23 (35.4)

26 (39.4)

 

24 (38.7)

36 (48.6)

17 (25.4)

 

Active

13 (21.3)

18 (25.4)

6 (8.5)

 

3 (4.2)

6 (9.2)

28 (42.4)

 

26 (41.9)

10 (13.5)

1 (1.5)

 

Socioeconomic status2, n (%)

Low

21 (34.4)

17 (23.9)

21 (29.6)

0.25

23 (31.9)

23 (35.4)

13 (19.7)

0.33

12 (19.4)

17 (23.0)

30 (44.8)

0.01

Medium

30 (49.2)

32 (45.1)

28 (39.4)

 

31 (43.1)

25 (38.5)

34 (51.5)

 

27 (43.5)

36 (48.6)

27 (40.3)

 

High

10 (16.4)

22 (31.0)

22 (31.0)

 

18 (25.0)

17 (26.2)

19 (28.8)

 

23 (37.1)

21 (28.4)

10 (14.9)

 

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

110.7 ± 16.94

113.2 ± 10.09

113.9 ± 24.87

0.58

116.6 ± 10.85

113.7 ± 17.86

107.5 ± 23.63

0.01

112.8 ± 10.59

112.4 ± 21.18

113.0 ± 20.75

0.98

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

73.3 ± 10.53

73.4 ± 6.52

73.7 ± 15.36

0.98

75.8 ± 5.90

75.0 ± 6.33

69.5 ± 17.33

0.01

73.1 ± 6.80

72.4 ± 12.52

75.1 ± 13.27

0.36

Fasting blood glucose level (mg/dL)

97.2 ± 9.09

98.5 ± 9.29

98.6 ± 7.12

0.58

101.9 ± 9.53

98.2 ± 6.97

94.0 ± 6.67

 < 0.001

94.6 ± 7.87

98.5 ± 6.70

101.0 ± 9.70

 < 0.001

Insulin (μUI/mL)

19.7 ± 15.54

19.7 ± 10.89

21.7 ± 11.58

0.56

24.0 ± 14.28

19.8 ± 9.09

17.2 ± 13.00

0.01

18.5 ± 13.41

20.4 ± 13.72

22.3 ± 10.45

0.25

HOMA-IR index

4.79 ± 3.86

4.87 ± 2.92

5.37 ± 3.09

0.54

6.02 ± 3.53

4.88 ± 2.55

4.07 ± 3.37

0.01

4.46 ± 3.64

4.99 ± 3.29

5.58 ± 2.84

0.15

Triglycerides (mg/dL)

118.9 ± 65.23

122.3 ± 69.51

124.3 ± 65.50

0.90

140.2 ± 74.02

127.6 ± 65.06

96.5 ± 50.53

 < 0.001

106.2 ± 59.01

117.4 ± 68.06

141.7 ± 67.55

0.01

HDL cholesterol (mg/dL)

45.9 ± 7.83

45.2 ± 7.48

43.6 ± 8.37

0.23

43.5 ± 7.70

43.7 ± 7.59

47.4 ± 7.99

0.01

47.5 ± 8.34

45.1 ± 6.62

42.1 ± 8.08

0.01

  1. Values are Mean ± SD; unless indicated. Abbreviations: BMI: Body Mass Index; HOMA-IR: Homeostasis Model Assessment Insulin Resistance; HDL-c: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
  2. 1P-value for one-way ANOVA test and χ2 test for quantitative and categorical variables, respectively.
  3. 2Socioeconomic status (SES) score was evaluated based on parental education level, parental job, family size, having car in the family, having computer/laptop, having personal room and having travel by using demographic questionnaire.
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