Table 2 Dietary intakes (energy and macro/micro nutrients) of study participants across tertiles of PDI, hPDI and uPDI.

From: Association between plant-based diets and metabolic health status in adolescents with overweight and obesity

 

Tertiles of PDI

Tertiles of hPDI

Tertiles of uPDI

T1 (n = 61)

T2 (n = 71)

T3 (n = 71)

P-value1

T1 (n = 72)

T2 (n = 65)

T3 (n = 66)

P-value1

T1 (n = 62)

T2 (n = 74)

T3 (n = 67)

P-value1

Range

 < 51

51–55

 > 55

–

 < 50

50–57

 > 57

–

 < 49

49–58

 > 58

–

Energy, kcal

2746.2 ± 68.45

2871.8 ± 63.37

3011.9 ± 63.40

0.02

3083.7 ± 62.03

2783.5 ± 65.06

2762.1 ± 64.53

 < 0.001

2907 ± 70.13

2852.1 ± 63.25

2895.0 ± 67.46

0.82

Protein, % of E

15.2 ± 0.25

14.4 ± 0.23

13.5 ± 0.23

 < 0.001

14.0 ± 0.24

14.2 ± 0.25

14.8 ± 0.25

0.05

15.5 ± 0.24

14.3 ± 0.21

13.2 ± 0.23

 < 0.001

Carbohydrate, % of E

56.8 ± 0.66

57.9 ± 0.60

59.9 ± 0.61

0.01

58.3 ± 0.63

58.3 ± 0.65

58.2 ± 0.65

0.99

55.7 ± 0.63

58.7 ± 0.57

60.3 ± 0.61

 < 0.001

Fat, % of E

29.4 ± 0.67

29.0 ± 0.62

28.2 ± 0.62

0.42

28.9 ± 0.63

29.0 ± 0.65

28.7 ± 0.65

0.94

30.5 ± 0.66

28.5 ± 0.59

27.6 ± 0.63

0.01

Cholesterol, mg

327.4 ± 11.86

288.4 ± 10.87

236.8 ± 10.99

 < 0.001

283.4 ± 11.98

281.8 ± 12.31

280.9 ± 12.25

0.99

333.9 ± 11.67

281.2 ± 10.53

235.0 ± 11.23

 < 0.001

SFA, gr

30.1 ± 0.71

26.9 ± 0.65

25.4 ± 0.66

 < 0.001

28.2 ± 0.70

27.6 ± 0.72

26.2 ± 0.72

0.12

29.1 ± 0.73

27.4 ± 0.66

25.7 ± 0.70

0.01

MUFA, gr

28.9 ± 0.88

27.8 ± 0.81

26.1 ± 0.81

0.06

27.3 ± 0.84

27.5 ± 0.86

28.0 ± 0.85

0.85

31.3 ± 0.82

26.7 ± 0.74

25.0 ± 0.79

 < 0.001

PUFA, gr

26.5 ± 1.02

28.8 ± 0.94

29.9 ± 0.95

0.05

27.7 ± 0.97

28.9 ± 1.00

29.0 ± 0.99

0.61

28.6 ± 1.03

28.3 ± 0.93

28.6 ± 0.99

0.97

Vitamin C, mg

120.7 ± 7.50

129.1 ± 6.87

149.2 ± 6.95

0.02

98.6 ± 6.27

135.4 ± 6.44

170.1 ± 6.41

 < 0.001

173.2 ± 6.55

134.0 ± 5.91

96.6 ± 6.30

 < 0.001

Vitamin A, RAE

1072.0 ± 81.66

1052.0 ± 74.86

1193.3 ± 75.66

0.37

814.4 ± 71.67

1146.8 ± 73.69

1388.3 ± 73.30

 < 0.001

1468.4 ± 73.25

1124.5 ± 66.08

754.6 ± 0.45

 < 0.001

Thiamin, mg

2.57 ± 0.04

2.69 ± 0.04

2.66 ± 0.04

0.09

2.64 ± 0.04

2.66 ± 0.04

2.64 ± 0.04

0.88

2.55 ± 0.04

2.65 ± 0.04

2.73 ± 0.04

0.01

Riboflavin, mg

2.52 ± 0.07

2.32 ± 0.06

2.10 ± 0.06

 < 0.001

2.19 ± 0.07

2.26 ± 0.07

2.46 ± 0.07

0.02

2.73 ± 0.06

2.26 ± 0.06

1.95 ± 0.06

 < 0.001

Niacin, mg

27.5 ± 0.45

27.7 ± 0.41

27.6 ± 0.42

0.96

28.1 ± 0.42

27.9 ± 0.43

26.6 ± 0.43

0.03

26.0 ± 0.42

27.5 ± 0.38

29.1 ± 0.40

 < 0.001

Vitamin B6, mg

1.60 ± 0.05

1.61 ± 0.05

1.65 ± 0.05

0.83

1.50 ± 0.05

1.63 ± 0.05

1.75 ± 0.05

0.01

1.86 ± 0.05

1.65 ± 0.04

1.37 ± 0.05

 < 0.001

Vitamin E, mg

27.1 ± 1.47

31.3 ± 1.35

32.2 ± 1.36

0.03

29.7 ± 1.40

30.8 ± 1.44

30.7 ± 1.44

0.84

28.7 ± 1.48

30.6 ± 1.34

31.6 ± 1.43

0.37

Folate, mcg

309.2 ± 13.06

314.9 ± 11.97

324.7 ± 12.10

0.68

253.8 ± 10.53

319.1 ± 10.83

382.7 ± 10.77

 < 0.001

409.2 ± 9.68

310.7 ± 8.73

237.5 ± 9.31

 < 0.001

Vitamin B12, mcg

5.14 ± 0.18

4.49 ± 0.17

3.78 ± 0.17

 < 0.001

4.27 ± 0.18

4.46 ± 0.19

4.59 ± 0.19

0.46

5.59 ± 0.16

4.34 ± 0.14

3.47 ± 0.15

 < 0.001

Magnesium, mg

292.6 ± 8.17

283.9 ± 7.49

288.7 ± 7.57

0.74

258.9 ± 7.10

289.4 ± 7.30

318.9 ± 7.26

 < 0.001

342.1 ± 6.26

287.3 ± 5.65

239.3 ± 6.02

 < 0.001

Zinc, mg

11.4 ± 0.29

10.6 ± 0.26

10.0 ± 0.27

0.01

10.1 ± 0.27

10.8 ± 0.28

11.1 ± 0.28

0.03

12.2 ± 0.25

10.6 ± 0.22

9.2 ± 0.24

 < 0.001

Selenium, mcg

0.09 ± 0.00

0.10 ± 0.00

0.10 ± 0.00

0.67

0.10 ± 0.00

0.10 ± 0.00

0.08 ± 0.00

0.01

0.08 ± 0.00

0.10 ± 0.00

0.10 ± 0.00

0.01

Total fiber, gr

18.2 ± 0.61

18.7 ± 0.56

21.3 ± 0.56

 < 0.001

15.8 ± 0.47

19.6 ± 0.48

23.3 ± 0.48

 < 0.001

23.1 ± 0.51

19.6 ± 0.46

15.9 ± 0.49

 < 0.001

Sodium, mg

4189.4 ± 148.17

3979.6 ± 135.83

3825.5 ± 137.29

0.21

4266.1 ± 135.41

4111.0 ± 139.21

3565.8 ± 138.49

0.01

3717.9 ± 146.27

3984.9 ± 131.96

4243.7 ± 140.67

0.04

Potassium, mg

3416.3 ± 116.52

3277.6 ± 106.81

3445.0 ± 107.97

0.50

2916.7 ± 99.30

3388.7 ± 102.09

3870.1 ± 101.55

 < 0.001

4161.6 ± 88.69

3359.1 ± 80.01

2673.2 ± 85.29

 < 0.001

  1. Values are Mean ± SE. Energy intake was adjusted for age and gender; all other values were adjusted for age, gender and energy intake (by the use of ANCOVA). Abbreviations: E: energy intake; SFA, Saturated fatty acids; MUFA, Monounsaturated fatty acids; PUFA, Polyunsaturated fatty acids.
  2. 1P-value obtained from ANCOVA test for adjustment of energy intake.
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