Table 4 Multivariate adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for MUO phenotype across tertiles of PDI, hPDI and uPDI, stratified by gender.

From: Association between plant-based diets and metabolic health status in adolescents with overweight and obesity

 

Tertiles of PDI

Tertiles of hPDI

Tertiles of uPDI

T1

T2

T3

P-trend1

T1

T2

T3

P-trend1

T1

T2

T3

P-trend1

MUO phenotype based on IDF criteria

Girls (participants/cases)

33/12

33/15

36/15

 

30/20

36/19

36/3

 

22/4

37/12

43/26

 

Crude

1 (Ref.)

1.25 (0.47, 3.30)

1.46 (0.54, 3.91)

0.45

1 (Ref.)

0.56 (0.21, 1.52)

0.05 (0.01, 0.19)

 < 0.001

1 (Ref.)

2.16 (0.60, 7.80)

6.88 (1.98, 23.88)

0.01

Model 1

1 (Ref.)

0.94 (0.33, 2.67)

0.90 (0.30, 2.67)

0.84

1 (Ref.)

0.58 (0.19, 1.76)

0.04 (0.01, 0.17)

 < 0.001

1 (Ref.)

3.20 (0.77, 13.30)

13.00 (2.95, 57.33)

 < 0.001

Model 2

1 (Ref.)

0.79 (0.23, 2.70)

0.66 (0.19, 2.32)

0.52

1 (Ref.)

0.50 (0.14, 1.73)

0.06 (0.01, 0.31)

0.01

1 (Ref.)

1.53 (0.28, 8.26)

6.49 (1.10, 38.09)

0.01

Model 3

1 (Ref.)

0.80 (0.23, 2.73)

0.68 (0.19, 2.46)

0.56

1 (Ref.)

0.50 (0.14, 1.77)

0.06 (0.01, 0.31)

0.01

1 (Ref.)

1.53 (0.28, 8.45)

6.57 (1.11, 38.84)

0.01

Model 4

1 (Ref.)

0.79 (0.23, 2.72)

0.69 (0.19, 2.48)

0.57

1 (Ref.)

0.50 (0.14, 1.76)

0.06 (0.01, 0.31)

0.01

1 (Ref.)

1.74 (0.30, 10.06)

8.17 (1.24, 53.63)

0.01

Boys (participants/cases)

28/7

35/14

38/16

 

42/24

29/8

30/5

 

40/9

37/11

24/17

 

Crude

1 (Ref.)

2.00 (0.67, 5.95)

2.18 (0.75, 6.37)

0.17

1 (Ref.)

0.29 (0.10, 0.79)

0.15 (0.05, 0.47)

0.01

1 (Ref.)

1.46 (0.52, 4.06)

8.37 (2.65, 26.45)

 < 0.001

Model 1

1 (Ref.)

1.89 (0.61, 5.89)

1.85 (0.60, 5.73)

0.33

1 (Ref.)

0.36 (0.12, 1.05)

0.18 (0.06, 0.60)

0.01

1 (Ref.)

1.59 (0.54, 4.69)

9.68 (2.88, 32.59)

 < 0.001

Model 2

1 (Ref.)

3.15 (0.83, 12.02)

1.64 (0.45, 5.96)

0.57

1 (Ref.)

0.47 (0.14, 1.61)

0.34 (0.09, 1.35)

0.11

1 (Ref.)

1.34 (0.41, 4.46)

4.20 (1.03, 17.10)

0.05

Model 3

1 (Ref.)

2.77 (0.69, 11.15)

1.81 (0.47, 6.98)

0.44

1 (Ref.)

0.46 (0.12, 1.69)

0.41 (0.09, 1.85)

0.21

1 (Ref.)

2.25 (0.58, 8.69)

5.16 (1.09, 24.43)

0.04

Model 4

1 (Ref.)

2.59 (0.63, 10.53)

1.58 (0.40, 6.24)

0.59

1 (Ref.)

0.43 (0.12, 1.58)

0.27 (0.05, 1.46)

0.10

1 (Ref.)

3.03 (0.71, 12.99)

7.00 (1.32, 37.13)

0.02

MUO phenotype based on HOMA-IR criteria

Girls (participants/cases)

33/9

36/9

33/14

 

30/17

36/12

36/3

 

22/2

37/9

43/21

 

Crude

1 (Ref.)

0.89 (0.30, 2.61)

1.97 (0.70, 5.51)

0.19

1 (Ref.)

0.38 (0.14, 1.04)

0.07 (0.02, 0.28)

 < 0.001

1 (Ref.)

3.21 (0.63, 16.51)

9.55 (1.98, 45.96)

0.01

Model 1

1 (Ref.)

0.64 (0.20, 2.06)

1.19 (0.37, 3.77)

0.72

1 (Ref.)

0.43 (0.14, 1.30)

0.07 (0.02, 0.32)

 < 0.001

1 (Ref.)

4.96 (0.81, 30.40)

16.65 (2.73, 101.4)

0.01

Model 2

1 (Ref.)

0.45 (0.11, 1.75)

0.90 (0.23, 3.52)

0.96

1 (Ref.)

0.26 (0.07, 0.95)

0.11 (0.02, 0.76)

0.01

1 (Ref.)

2.25 (0.25, 19.94)

8.86 (0.98, 80.29)

0.02

Model 3

1 (Ref.)

0.43 (0.11, 1.70)

0.88 (0.22, 3.56)

0.94

1 (Ref.)

0.25 (0.07, 0.95)

0.11 (0.02, 0.74)

0.01

1 (Ref.)

1.99 (0.22, 17.80)

8.33 (0.92, 75.27)

0.02

Model 4

1 (Ref.)

0.45 (0.11, 1.81)

0.87 (0.22, 3.53)

0.91

1 (Ref.)

0.24 (0.06, 0.92)

0.10 (0.01, 0.68)

0.01

1 (Ref.)

1.94 (0.21, 17.82)

7.95 (0.81, 77.95)

0.03

Boys (participants/cases)

28/6

35/14

38/15

 

42/23

29/8

30/4

 

40/9

37/10

24/16

 

Crude

1 (Ref.)

2.44 (0.79, 7.55)

2.39 (0.79, 7.28)

0.15

1 (Ref.)

0.32 (0.11, 0.87)

0.13 (0.04, 0.43)

 < 0.001

1 (Ref.)

1.28 (0.45, 3.60)

6.89 (2.23, 21.27)

0.01

Model 1

1 (Ref.)

2.37 (0.73, 7.74)

2.04 (0.62, 6.66)

0.30

1 (Ref.)

0.43 (0.14, 1.26)

0.17 (0.05, 0.58)

0.01

1 (Ref.)

1.38 (0.46, 4.14)

7.93 (2.39, 26.31)

0.01

Model 2

1 (Ref.)

4.19 (1.04, 16.93)

1.92 (0.50, 7.40)

0.46

1 (Ref.)

0.57 (0.17, 2.00)

0.28 (0.07, 1.16)

0.08

1 (Ref.)

1.14 (0.33, 3.89)

3.34 (0.82, 13.57)

0.10

Model 3

1 (Ref.)

3.84 (0.89, 16.51)

2.14 (0.52, 8.76)

0.35

1 (Ref.)

0.58 (0.15, 2.16)

0.32 (0.07, 1.58)

0.15

1 (Ref.)

1.87 (0.47, 7.53)

4.11 (0.86, 19.72)

0.08

Model 4

1 (Ref.)

3.66 (0.84, 15.90)

1.91 (0.46, 8.00)

0.46

1 (Ref.)

0.54 (0.14, 2.04)

0.20 (0.03, 1.21)

0.07

1 (Ref.)

2.44 (0.55, 10.83)

5.26 (1.00, 27.67)

0.05

  1. All values are odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Model 1: Adjusted for age and energy intake. Model 2: Additionally, adjusted for physical activity and socioeconomic status (evaluated based on parental education level, parental job, family size, having car in the family, having computer/laptop, having personal room and having travel by using demographic questionnaire). Model 3: Additionally, adjusted for margarine and trans fatty acids. Model 4: Additionally, adjusted for Body Mass Index (BMI).
  2. 1Obtained by the use of tertiles of PDI, hPDI, or uPDI as an ordinal variable in the model.
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