Table 5 Multivariate adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for MUO phenotype across tertiles of PDI, hPDI and uPDI, stratified by BMI categories.

From: Association between plant-based diets and metabolic health status in adolescents with overweight and obesity

 

Tertiles of PDI

Tertiles of hPDI

Tertiles of uPDI

T1

T2

T3

P-trend1

T1

T2

T3

P-trend1

T1

T2

T3

P-trend1

MUO phenotype based on IDF criteria

Overweight

(Participants/cases)

35/7

37/11

32/10

 

24/16

37/10

43/2

 

38/4

37/8

29/16

 

Crude

1 (Ref.)

1.69 (0.57, 5.02)

1.82 (0.60, 5.55)

0.30

1 (Ref.)

0.19 (0.06, 0.57)

0.02 (0.01, 0.13)

 < 0.001

1 (Ref.)

2.35 (0.64, 8.59)

10.46 (2.94, 37.19)

 < 0.001

Model 1

1 (Ref.)

1.56 (0.50, 4.83)

1.54 (0.45, 5.26)

0.49

1 (Ref.)

0.19 (0.05, 0.67)

0.02 (0.003, 0.11)

 < 0.001

1 (Ref.)

3.18 (0.77, 13.22)

14.72 (3.46, 62.55)

 < 0.001

Model 2

1 (Ref.)

1.15 (0.28, 4.72)

0.98 (0.23, 4.24)

0.97

1 (Ref.)

0.20 (0.05, 0.81)

0.04 (0.01, 0.26)

0.01

1 (Ref.)

1.11 (0.19, 6.41)

4.68 (0.78, 28.09)

0.04

Model 3

1 (Ref.)

0.88 (0.20, 3.89)

0.74 (0.15, 3.66)

0.71

1 (Ref.)

0.18 (0.04, 0.80)

0.02 (0.01, 0.23)

0.01

1 (Ref.)

1.86 (0.26, 13.44)

8.42 (1.09, 64.85)

0.02

Obese

(Participants/cases)

26/12

34/18

39/21

 

48/28

28/17

23/6

 

24/9

37/15

38/27

 

Crude

1 (Ref.)

1.31 (0.47, 3.65)

1.36 (0.50, 3.68)

0.56

1 (Ref.)

1.10 (0.43, 2.86)

0.25 (0.08, 0.75)

0.03

1 (Ref.)

1.14 (0.40, 3.27)

4.09 (1.38, 12.09)

0.01

Model 1

1 (Ref.)

1.14 (0.39, 3.32)

1.13 (0.40, 3.20)

0.84

1 (Ref.)

1.36 (0.49, 3.76)

0.30 (0.10, 0.93)

0.07

1 (Ref.)

1.25 (0.40, 3.91)

5.86 (1.71, 20.10)

0.01

Model 2

1 (Ref.)

1.89 (0.55, 6.43)

1.34 (0.42, 4.25)

0.68

1 (Ref.)

1.29 (0.43, 3.81)

0.43 (0.12, 1.51)

0.30

1 (Ref.)

1.50 (0.42, 5.35)

4.55 (1.08, 19.23)

0.03

Model 3

1 (Ref.)

1.69 (0.49, 5.87)

1.37 (0.43, 4.40)

0.64

1 (Ref.)

1.23 (0.40, 3.80)

0.46 (0.13, 1.63)

0.32

1 (Ref.)

1.67 (0.46, 6.12)

5.33 (1.22, 23.28)

0.02

MUO phenotype based on HOMA-IR criteria

Overweight

(Participants/cases)

35/4

37/7

32/9

 

24/13

37/5

43/2

 

38/2

37/6

29/12

 

Crude

1 (Ref.)

1.81 (0.48, 6.82)

3.03 (0.83, 11.08)

0.09

1 (Ref.)

0.13 (0.04, 0.46)

0.04 (0.01, 0.21)

 < 0.001

1 (Ref.)

3.48 (0.66, 18.52)

12.71 (2.55, 63.20)

0.01

Model 1

1 (Ref.)

1.73 (0.44, 6.79)

2.49 (0.61, 10.18)

0.21

1 (Ref.)

0.17 (0.05, 0.62)

0.05 (0.01, 0.26)

 < 0.001

1 (Ref.)

6.26 (0.97, 40.18)

20.06 (3.28, 122,79)

 < 0.001

Model 2

1 (Ref.)

1.20 (0.23, 6.28)

1.51 (0.26, 8.62)

0.64

1 (Ref.)

0.16 (0.04 (0.70)

0.14 (0.02, 1.05)

0.02

1 (Ref.)

1.65 (0.19, 14.28)

4.36 (0.53, 35.74)

0.10

Model 3

1 (Ref.)

1.01 (0.18, 5.55)

1.20 (0.17, 6.98)

0.92

1 (Ref.)

0.12 (0.02, 0.60)

0.08 (0.01, 0.86)

0.01

1 (Ref.)

2.28 (0.21, 25.42)

6.88 (0.64, 73.84)

0.06

Obese

(Participants/cases)

26/11

34/16

39/20

 

48/27

28/15

23/5

 

24/9

37/13

38/25

 

Crude

1 (Ref.)

1.21 (0.43, 3.39)

1.44 (0.53, 3.90)

0.48

1 (Ref.)

0.90 (0.35, 2.29)

0.22 (0.07, 0.68)

0.01

1 (Ref.)

0.90 (0.31, 2.62)

3.21 (1.11, 9.29)

0.02

Model 1

1 (Ref.)

1.00 (0.34, 2.95)

1.16 (0.40, 3.33)

0.77

1 (Ref.)

1.15 (0.42, 3.13)

0.26 (0.08, 0.84)

0.04

1 (Ref.)

0.98 (0.30, 3.16)

4.71 (1.38, 16.08)

0.01

Model 2

1 (Ref.)

1.53 (0.45, 5.15)

1.33 (0.42, 4.22)

0.66

1 (Ref.)

1.08 (0.37, 3.17)

0.32 (0.09, 1.20)

0.15

1 (Ref.)

1.22 (0.33, 4.48)

3.89 (0.92, 16.54)

0.05

Model 3

1 (Ref.)

1.40 (0.41, 4.81)

1.39 (0.43, 4.46)

0.60

1 (Ref.)

1.09 (0.36, 3.38)

0.35 (0.09, 1.32)

0.18

1 (Ref.)

1.29 (0.34, 4.85)

4.31 (0.99, 18.68)

0.04

  1. All values are odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Model 1: Adjusted for age, sex, and energy intake. Model 2: Additionally, adjusted for physical activity and socioeconomic status (evaluated based on parental education level, parental job, family size, having car in the family, having computer/laptop, having personal room and having travel by using demographic questionnaire). Model 3: Additionally, adjusted for margarine and trans fatty acids.
  2. 1Obtained by the use of tertiles of PDI, hPDI, or uPDI as an ordinal variable in the model.
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