Figure 4
From: Human ankle joint movements during walking are probably not determined by talar morphology
Inclination of ankle joint axes representative for dorsiflexion (red) and plantarflexion (blue). Diamonds represent inclinations of axes which Lundberg et al.7 determined for quasi-static flexion in eight participants (black lines link related data). In our study, during the stance phase of walking, the ankle joint was for none of our participants once at least 10° dorsiflexed (i.e., − 10° flexion) and only once at least 10° plantarflexed (i.e., 10° flexion, see Fig. 1). Thus, we report here on joint axes inclinations derived from 5° flexion, either when 5° of dorsi/plantarflexion have been achieved from a joint configuration corresponding to the relaxed standing, i.e., 0° flexion (triangles), or when a joint configuration corresponding to the relaxed standing has been achieved again after a 5° dorsi/plantarflexion position (pentagrams). Inclinations of individual trials, if the axis could be determined, are shown more transparently, mean values per participant and comparison of dorsiflexion and plantar flexion are connected with a black line.
