Table 1 Maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), according to maternal and child characteristics.

Total

2.3 (1.8–2.9)

54.7 (53.1–56.4)

29.0 (27.5–30.6)

13.9 (12.8–15.1)

Maternal characteristics

Age(years)

 < 0.001

 ≤ 19

18.6

5.4

68.4

20.5

5.7

 20–34

67.9

2.0

54.9

29.2

13.9

 ≥ 35

13.5

0.8

38.0

36.3

25.0

Skin color

0.001

 White

73.6

2.6

56.0

28.8

12.6

 Black

19.5

1.6

51.5

29.8

17.1

 Other

7.1

3.7

57.2

21.8

17.3

Family monthly income (quintiles)

0.007

 1st(lowest) to 3rd

87.9

2.5

54.4

28.8

14.4

 4th to 5th(highest)

12.1

2.7

62.1

26.0

9.2

Education (years)

 < 0.001

 0–4

12.8

1.9

47.2

31.3

19.5

 5–8

40.1

2.9

55.3

27.6

14.2

 ≥ 9

47.1

2.3

57.5

28.5

11.7

Living with husband/partner

0.002

 Yes

84.2

3.3

60.7

25.7

10.3

 No

15.8

2.3

54.1

29.0

14.5

Smoking during pregnancy

0.170

 Yes

26.4

3.0

57.2

26.5

13.3

 No

73.6

2.3

54.5

29.2

14.0

Child characteristics

Sex

0.804

 Girls

47.9

2.5

54.2

28.5

14.4

 Boys

52.1

2.5

55.7

28.5

13.3

Low birth weight

 < 0.001

 Yes

8.9

5.0

62.1

23.0

9.9

 No

91.1

2.2

54.5

29.1

14.2