Figure 1

Effects of long-term powdered diet feeding on the colonic motility, colonic mucosal length, and expressions of aquaporin-4 (AQP-4) and neural nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in the colons of mice. (a) Bead expulsion test (p = 0.0024, n = 4 or 5 per group). (b) Fecal pellet output, total fecal weight, and fecal water content (p = 0.0011, 0.0019, and 0.0005, respectively, n = 10 per group). (c) The lengths of the colonic mucosa (p < 0.0001, n = 5 or 6 per group). (d) Western blotting analysis of aquaporin 4 and nNOS (p = 0.0141 and 0.0281, respectively, n = 3–8 per group). Full length blots are presented in Supplementary Fig. S4. The data are given as the mean ± SEM for a group. Student’s t-test was used to determine statistical significance. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01; vs. control diet-fed group.