Figure 5
From: Understanding the mechanism of Nb-MXene bioremediation with green microalgae
(a) XRF results of elementary Nb uptake by green microalgae cells incubated for 72 h in the extreme concentration (100 mg L−1) of SL Nb-MXenes. Results show the amount of elementary Nb present in pure microalgae cells (reference sample, grey bars), 2D nanoflakes detached from the surface microalgae cells (blue bars), and microalgae cells after detaching 2D nanoflakes from the surface (red bars), (b) chemical composition percentage of microalgae organic components (C=O and CHx/C–O) and Nb-oxides present in microalgae cells after incubation with SL Nb-MXenes, Component peak-fitting of XPS spectra for (c–e) SL Nb2CTx and (f–h) SL Nb4C3Tx MXenes internalized by microalgae cells.
