Table 3 Within-group and between-group comparisons of the baseline, endpoint and changes’ values for the study primary outcomes in vitamin B12 and placebo groups.

From: The effects of vitamin B12 supplementation on metabolic profile of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized controlled trial

Variables

Vitamin B12 groupa (n = 20)

Control groupa (n = 20)

P valueb (between)

P valuec,d (ANCOVA)

Steatosis values (dB/cm/MHz)

Baseline

1.59 (1.49, 2.04)

1.54 (1.49, 1.64)

0.529g

 

Endpoint

1.30 (1.08, 1.52)

1.30 (1.12, 1.49)

0.516

0.802

Changee

 − 0.41 (− 0.54, − 0.14)

 − 0.30 (− 0.65, − 0.02)

0.417g

 

P value (within)f

 < 0.001g

0.001g

  

Fibrosis values (kPa)

Baseline

7.05 (5.60, 7.97)

6.20 (5.57, 7.40)

0.567

 

Endpoint

6.60 (5.22, 7.40)

6.50 (5.96, 7.07)

0.968g

0.821

Change

 − 0.35 (− 2.20, 1.70)

0.10 (− 0.95, 0.85)

0.788

 

P value (within)

0.587g

0.727g

  

FBG (mg/dl)

Baseline

99.50 (91.00, 113.50)

92.50 (87.00, 97.75)

0.091g

 

Endpoint

96.77 (89.00, 100.98)

88.50 (81.75, 99.99)

0.134g

0.167

Change

 − 5.00 (− 15.50, 1.75)

 − 1.50 (− 7.25, 2.94)

0.265g

 

P value (within)

0.025g

0.360g

  

Fasting serum insulin (µU/ml)

Baseline

13.46 (11.47, 19.73)

15.03 (9.59, 18.48)

0.588g

 

Endpoint

14.61 (9.28, 20.41)

12.21 (9.59, 18.39)

0.818g

0.740

Change

 − 1.46 (− 5.48, 2.92)

 − 0.21 (− 4.59, 6.84)

0.570g

 

P value (within)

0.351g

0.970g

  

HOMA-IR

Baseline

3.74 (2.75, 6.15)

3.50 (2.06, 4.49)

0.351g

 

Endpoint

3.94 (2.42, 6.28)

3.12 (2.11, 7.05)

0.766g

0.408

Change

 − 0.23 (− 0.88, 2.34)

0.06 (− 1.64, 2.49)

0.534g

 

P value (within)

0.794g

0.550g

  

ALT (IU/l)

Baseline

44 (24, 70)

33 (20, 60)

0.203g

 

Endpoint

30 (19, 47)

30.5 (19, 40)

0.978g

0.824

Change

 − 7 (− 17, − 0.75)

0.0 (− 11, .8)

0.559

 

P value (within)

0.005g

0.102g

  

AST(IU/l)

Baseline

31 (26, 36)

27.5 (21, 40)

0.357g

 

Endpoint

19.5 (16, 23)

21 (16, 23)

0.807g

0.859

Change

 − 12 (− 14.7, − 4.9)

 − 8 (− 8, − 3)

0.516g

 

P value (within)

 < 0.001g

 < 0.001g

  

Serum homocysteine (µmol/l)

Baseline

15.1 (12, 17.8)

14.5 (13, 16.8)

0.933g

 

Endpoint

11.5 (10, 16.7)

14.1 (12.7, 16.1)

0.258

0.038

Change

 − 2.1 (− 4.3, − 0.003)

 − 0.003 (− 1.7, 0.47)

0.036

 

P value (within)

0.005

0.351g

  
  1. ALT alanin transaminase, ANCOVA analysis of covariance, AST aspartate transaminase, FBG fasting blood glucose; HOMA-IR homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance.
  2. aValues are expressed as mean ± standard or median (25th, 75th percentiles).
  3. bP-value for comparing the values between the study groups at baseline, at the endpoint and the change from baseline. Two sample t-test and Mann–Whitney U test were used for parametric and non-parametric comparisons, respectively.
  4. cP value for ANCOVA test to determine the significant levels of differences between the two groups post-intervention while adjusting for baseline measurements and covariates.
  5. dAdjusted for baseline values of corresponding variable, age, and the baseline values of FBG.
  6. eEndpoint values minus the baseline ones.
  7. fP-value for comparing baseline with end point values within each group. Paired sample t-test and Wilcoxon Paired Rank test were used for parametric and non-parametric comparison, respectively.
  8. gP-value obtained from a non-parametric test.
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