Table 1 Demographic characteristics and baseline cognitive performance of the Conventional Training and Eye-tracking Training groups.

From: Eye-tracking training improves the learning and memory of children with learning difficulty

 

Conventional training (n = 24)

Eye-tracking training (n = 26)

t/χ2

p

M

SD

M

SD

Age (years)

9.00

1.04

8.89

0.87

0.41

0.68

Education (years)

3.42

1.02

3.31

0.88

0.41

0.69

Gender (male/female)

19/5

19/7

0.25

0.61

Estimated FSIQ

90.73

11.87

88.78

11.66

0.59

0.56

Diagnosisa

    

5.44

0.26

With ASD

4

5

  

With ADHD

12

6

  

With SLI

4

4

  

With SpLD

3

7

  

With borderline IQ

1

4

  

Learning and memory

HKLLT trial 1

3.54

2.34

3.50

1.90

0.07

0.95

HKLLT trial 2

5.67

2.84

4.88

2.64

1.01

0.32

HKLLT trial 3

6.33

3.32

5.46

2.58

1.04

0.30

HKLLT learning slope

1.40

0.93

0.98

1.18

1.37

0.18

HKLLT delayed recall

4.33

3.07

3.50

2.32

1.09

0.28

Reading ability

Chinese word reading score

41.63

27.41

32.88

23.81

1.21

0.23

Chinese passage reading scoreb

125.64

27.37

115.96

34.14

1.07

0.29

Chinese passage reading timec

93.96

27.23

111.55

47.80

 − 1.49

0.14

  1. FSIQ Full-scale intelligence quotient, ASD Autism spectrum disorders, ADHD Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, SpLD Specific learning disorder, SLI Specific language impairment, HKLLT Hong Kong list learning test.
  2. aParticipants diagnosed with ASD, ADHD, SpLD or SLI include those with single diagnosis and those with other comorbidities.
  3. bn = 22 in Conventional Training group.
  4. cn = 21 and 25 in Conventional Training and Eye-tracking Training group respectively.
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