Figure 4
From: Atypical behavioral and thermoregulatory circadian rhythms in mice lacking a microbiome
Expression of free-running circadian rhythms are altered in the absence of microbes. (A) Representative, double-plotted home-cage locomotor activity (LMA) record of SPF (left panel), GF (middle panel) and ex-GF (right panel) mice housed in continuous darkness (DD). Activity onsets are depicted with red circles, over which a regression line is plotted for the calculation of free-running circadian period (τ). (B) Mean ± SEM period (in h) of the free running circadian rhythm of LMA in DD. (C) Mean + SEM total activity counts during the subjective night (active phase; dark shading) and subjective day (inactive phase; lighter shading) of SPF, GF and ex-GF mice in DD. (D) Mean + SEM duration of the active phase during each circadian cycle (αLMA) of SPF, GF and ex-GF mice in DD. (E) Mean + SEM variability in activity onsets of SPF, GF and ex-GF mice in DD. (F) Mean + SEM circadian power (left panel) and rhythmic amplitude (right panel) of SPF, GF and ex-GF mice in DD. (G) Mean + SEM Tb of SPF, GF and ex-GF mice in DD during the subjective night (active phase; dark shading) and subjective day (inactive phase; lighter shading). LMA SPF: n = 18; GF: n = 16; ex-GF: n = 5. Tb SPF: n = 18; GF: n = 15; ex-GF: n = 4. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 v SPF mice; #P < 0.05, ###P < 0.001 v GF mice.
