Figure 6
From: Atypical behavioral and thermoregulatory circadian rhythms in mice lacking a microbiome
The microbiome facilitates entrainment to food, but does not affect circadian phase resetting responses to light. (A) Representative, single-plotted home-cage locomotor activity (LMA) records of SPF (left panel), GF (middle panel), and ex-GF mice (right panel) subjected to the restricted feeding (RF) paradigm. Green shaded regions indicate intervals when food was available. Red shading indicates the 3 h interval of activity coded as food anticipatory activity (FAA), which emerged over the course of several days during RF. During the last 48 h of RF, mice were food deprived to elicit re-emergence of FAA (retention probe trial). (B) Mean ± SEM FAA of SPF, GF and ex-GF mice subjected to RF expressed as a percentage of total daily activity during the 10–12 days of RF. (C) Mean + SEM FAA on the 2nd day of the retention probe trial. SPF: n = 18; GF: n = 16; ex-GF: n = 6 (D) Mean + SEM phase shift in the circadian LMA rhythm in response to 15 min light pulses at either projected ZT15 (‘pZT15’, left) or pZT22 (right). SPF: n = 10; GF: n = 8. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 vs SPF mice; #P < 0.05 v GF mice.
