Figure 1

Study design. The study included male and female rats infused (surgically implanted intravenous catheter) with either vehicle or HI, resulting in a total of four groups: CTRL-M, HI-M, CTRL-F, and HI-F. Grey areas indicate the infusion period. Dark grey areas: Infusion with HI, light grey areas: Vehicle infusion. Infusion ended after 8 and was followed by an infusion-free recovery period. During infusion, animals were euthanized after 4 and 8 weeks. Following infusion-stop, animals were euthanized after 2 Days (Day 2R) or 4 weeks (Week 4R). † indicate euthanasia of animals. HI, human insulin; R, recovery.