Figure 1

Bayesian phylogenetic tree based on the mitogenomes of 32 collembolan species from four orders and three outgroup taxa indicating the evolution of life form traits for each species (blue: aquatic; red: myrmecophilous; pink: euedaphic; cyan: hemiedaphic, and green: epiedaphic). The pie charts along the terminal branches represent the number of nonsynonymous (black segments) and synonymous (grey segments) mutations. The coloured pie charts represent the proportion of nonsynonymous mutations (i.e. dN/(dN + dS)) for the branches/clades that represent the evolution of an alternative life form (blue: aquatic; red: myrmecophilous; pink: euedaphic, and green: epiedaphic) vs. the sister branches/taxa that represents the ancestral state (cyan: hemiedaphic). Where multiple branches are present (i.e. clades), we accounted for the number of taxa by averaging the proportion of mutations for each terminal and internal branch.