Table 1 Range of GRACE-DSI and CCDI for drought characterization based on the study by Satish Kumar et al.21.

From: Drought characterization over Indian sub-continent using GRACE-based indices

Drought category

GRACE-DSI/CCDI

W4: exceptionally wet

Two or greater

W3: extremely wet

1.6–1.99

W2: severely wet

1.3–1.59

W1: moderately wet

0.8–1.29

W0: abnormally wet

0.5–0.79

N: near normal

0.49 to − 0.49

D0: abnormally dry

− 0.5 to − 0.79

D1: moderately dry

− 0.8 to − 1.29

D2: severely dry

− 1.3 to − 1.59

D3: extremely dry

− 1.6 to − 1.99

D4: exceptionally dry

− 2 or less

  1. A negative value of the drought index represents the dry condition, while a positive value of the drought index represents the wet condition.