Table 2 Correlations between TDT scores and potentially influencing variables (musical activity variables, disease-related variables, NEO-FFI).

Healthy musicians (n = 20)

Age of first instrumental practice

r_s = 0.23 (95% CI [− 0.25, 0.62]), p = 0.33

r_s = 0.088 (95% CI [− 0.38, 0.52]), p = 0.71

r_s = 0.48 (95% CI [0.04, 0.77]), p = 0.031

Years of instrument playing

r_s = 0.15 (95% CI [− 0.33, 0.56]), p = 0.54

r_s = 0.17 (95% CI [− 0.31, 0.58]), p = 0.48

r_s = 0.22 (95% CI [− 0.26, 0.62]), p = 0.34

Accumulated practice time

r_s = 0.035 (95% CI [− 0.43, 0.48]), p = 0.89

r_s = 0.17 (95% CI [− 0.31, 0.58]), p = 0.48

r_s = 0.16 (95% CI [− 0.32, 0.57]), p = 0.50

Musician’s dystonia patients (n = 20)

Age of first instrumental practice

r_s = − 0.28 (95% CI [− 0.65, 0.20]), p = 0.23

r_s = − 0.027 (95% CI [− 0.47, 0.43]), p = 0.91

r_s = − 0.4 (95% CI [− 0.72, 0.06]), p = 0.078

Years of instrument playing

r_s = − 0.22 (95% CI [− 0.61, 0.26]), p = 0.36

r_s = 0.13 (95% CI [− 0.34, 0.55]), p = 0.58

r_s = 0.12 (95% CI [− 0.35, 0.55]), p = 0.61

Accumulated practice time

r_s = − 0.41 (95% CI [− 0.73, 0.05]), p = 0.073

r_s = − 0.11 (95% CI [− 0.53, 0.37]), p = 0.66

r_s = − 0.12 (95% CI [− 0.54, 0.35]), p = 0.62

Disease duration

r_s = − 0.24 (95% CI [− 0.62, 0.24]), p = 0.32

r_s = 0.14 (95% CI [− 0.33, 0.56]), p = 0.55

r_s = 0.085 (95% CI [− 0.38, 0.52]), p = 0.72

Age of dystonia onset

r_s = − 0.28 (95% CI [− 0.65, 0.20]), p = 0.24

r_s = − 0.26 (95% CI [− 0.64, 0.22]), p = 0.27

r_s = − 0.22 (95% CI [− 0.61, 0.26]), p = 0.35

Time since last botulinum toxin treatment^a

r_s = 0.043 (95% CI [− 0.65, 0.70]), p = 0.91

r_s = − 0.31 (95% CI [− 0.82, 0.46]), p = 0.41

r_s = 0.11 (95% CI [− 0.61, 0.73]), p = 0.77

Neuroticism^b

r_s = − 0.15 (95% CI [− 0.59, 0.36]), p = 0.56

r_s = − 0.16 (95% CI [− 0.60, 0.34]), p = 0.52

r_s = − 0.15 (95% CI [− 0.59, 0.35]), p = 0.56

Extraversion^b

r_s = 0.08 (95% CI [− 0.41, 0.54]), p = 0.75

r_s = 0.11 (95% CI [− 0.39, 0.56]), p = 0.66

r_s = − 0.19 (95% CI [− 0.61, 0.32]), p = 0.46

Openness^b

r_s = 0.16 (95% CI [− 0.34, 0.60]), p = 0.52

r_s = 0.041 (95% CI [− 0.45, 0.51]), p = 0.87

r_s = 0.066 (95% CI [− 0.43, 0.53]), p = 0.79

Agreeableness^b

r_s = 0.28 (95% CI [− 0.23, 0.67]), p = 0.27

r_s = 0.12 (95% CI [− 0.38, 0.57]), p = 0.63

r_s = 0.025 (95% CI [− 0.46, 0.50]), p = 0.92

Conscientiousness^b

r_s = − 0.19 (95% CI [− 0.62, 0.31]), p = 0.44

r_s = − 0.31 (95% CI [− 0.69, 0.20]), p = 0.21

r_s = − 0.13 (95% CI [− 0.57, 0.37]), p = 0.59