Table 1 Patient characteristics in postoperative pneumonia and community-acquired pneumonia.

From: Effects of lymphocyte and neutrophil counts and their time courses on mortality in patients with postoperative pneumonia

 

Postoperative pneumonia

Community-acquired pneumonia

Total

Survivors

Non-survivors

P value

Total

Survivors

Non-survivors

P value

(n = 228)

(n = 208)

(n = 20)

(n = 1027)

(n = 882)

(n = 145)

Baseline characteristics at pneumonia diagnosis

Age, median (IQR)

70 (64–76)

70 (64–76)

70 (68–76)

0.901

75 (67–83)

75 (66–82)

78 (70–86)

0.001

Female

35 (15.4)

30 (14.4)

5 (25.0)

0.173

332 (32.3)

302 (34.2)

30 (20.7)

0.001

Ventilator-associated pneumonia

65 (28.5)

59 (28.4)

6 (30.0)

0.877

–

–

–

–

Body mass index < 18.5 kg/m2*

55 (24.1)

50 (24.0)

5 (25.0)

0.555

269 (30.4)

224 (28.8)

45 (41.7)

0.006

Comorbidities

Neoplastic diseases†

129 (56.6)

114 (54.8)

15 (75.0)

0.082

279 (27.2)

228 (25.9)

51 (35.2)

0.019

Congestive heart failure

63 (27.6)

59 (28.4)

4 (20.0)

0.424

165 (16.1)

135 (15.3)

30 (20.7)

0.102

Chronic lung diseases

48 (21.1)

41 (19.7)

7 (35.0)

0.098

306 (29.8)

250 (28.3)

56 (38.6)

0.012

Chronic renal failure

36 (15.8)

33 (15.9)

3 (15.0)

0.609

132 (12.9)

109 (12.4)

23 (15.9)

0.243

Chronic liver diseases

8 (3.5)

6 (2.9)

2 (10.0)

0.149

43 (4.2)

34 (3.9)

9 (6.2)

0.190

Diabetes

43 (18.9)

38 (18.3)

5 (25.0)

0.317

236 (23)

198 (22.4)

38 (26.2)

0.319

Precedent surgery

Time to pneumonia diagnosis from surgery, days, median (IQR)

5 (3–10)

5 (3–10)

5 (3–12)

0.923

–

–

–

–

Type of surgery

0.015

    

Cardiovascular surgery

85 (37.3)

81 (38.9)

4 (20.0)

 

–

–

–

–

Gastroenterological surgery

79 (34.6)

68 (32.7)

11 (55.0)

 

–

–

–

–

Lung surgery

31 (13.6)

26 (12.5)

5 (25.0)

 

–

–

–

–

Other surgery‡

33 (14.5)

33 (15.9)

0

 

–

–

–

–

Surgery severity score§, median (IQR)

16 (13–20)

16 (13–20)

18 (15–22)

0.105

–

–

–

–

Severity of illness

SOFA score at pneumonia diagnosis, median (IQR)

4 (2–9)

4 (2–9)

8 (4–11)

0.091

3 (1–4)

2 (1–4)

4 (2–5)

 < 0.001

Low blood pressure||

131 (57.5)

116 (55.8)

15 (75.0)

0.097

298 (29)

253 (28.7)

45 (31.0)

0.563

Pneumonia severity index class

 < 0.001

I–III

–

–

–

–

450 (43.8)

419 (47.5)

31 (21.4)

 

IV

–

–

–

–

326 (31.7)

275 (31.2)

51 (35.2)

 

V

–

–

–

–

251 (24.4)

188 (21.3)

63 (43.4)

 

Causative pathogens were identified

155 (68.0)

140 (67.3)

15 (75.0)

0.481

441 (42.9)

380 (43.1)

61 (42.1)

0.819

Appropriate initial antibiotic treatment

101/155 (65.2)

88/140 (62.9)

13/15 (86.7)

0.066

–

–

–

–

Treatment of pneumonia

Corticosteroid for treatment of pneumonia

4 (1.8)

1 (0.5)

3 (15.0)

0.002

31 (3)

28 (3.2)

3 (2.1)

0.471

  1. VAP entilator-associated pneumonia, BMI Body mass index, OSS Operative severity score, SOFA Sequential organ failure assessment, PSI Pneumonia severity index, IQR Interquartile range.
  2. Data are presented as n (%) unless indicated otherwise.
  3. *Body mass index was assessed in all patients with postoperative pneumonia, 886 patients (86.3%) with community-acquired pneumonia (778 survivors, and 108 non-survivors).
  4. †Neoplastic diseases were defined as any cancer that was active at the time of presentation or diagnosed within 5 years of presentation.
  5. ‡Intracranial surgery (8 patients), head and neck surgery (16 patients), urological surgery (4 patients), orthopedic surgery (4 patients), and dermatological surgery (1 patients) were included.
  6. §Score was calculated using the physiological and operative severity score for the enumeration of the mortality and morbidity (POSSUM) scoring system.
  7. ||Systolic blood pressure < 90 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≤ 60 mmHg or use of vasopressor.
  8. Major pathogens were as follows: Enterobacter spp. (39 (17.1%)), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (37 (16.2%)), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (28 (12.3%)) in POP, and Staphylococcus aureus (87 (8.5%)), K. pneumoniae (83 (8.1%)), and Streptococcus pneumoniae (70 (6.8%)) in CAP.
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