Table 1 Parameters used for simulation.

From: Modeling a 3-D multiscale blood-flow and heat-transfer framework for realistic vascular systems

Domain

Parameter

Symbols

Value

Units

Tongue

Specific heat43

\(\text{c}_\text{pt}\)

3421

J kg\(^{-1}\) \(^\circ \)C\(^{-1}\)

Density43

\(\rho _\text{t}\)

1090

kg m\(^{-3}\)

Thermal conductivity43

\(\text{K}_\text{t}\)

0.49

W m\(^{-1}\) \(^\circ \)C\(^{-1}\)

Perfusion43

\({\alpha }\)

1\(\times \) 10\(^{-6}\)

ms kg\(^{-1}\)

Arterial permeability37,39

\({\kappa _\text{a}}\)

1 \(\times \) 10\(^{-12}\)

m\(^{2}\)

Venous permeability37,39

\({\kappa _\text{v}}\)

5 \(\times \) 10\(^{-10}\)

m\(^{2}\)

Metabolic heat gen. rate44

\(\dot{\text{q}_m}\)

0

W m\(^{-3}\) s\(^{-1}\)

Blood

Specific heat43

\(\text{c}_\text{pb}\)

3617

J kg\(^{-1}\) \(^\circ \)C\(^{-1}\)

Viscosity37

\({\mu }\)

3\(\times \)10\(^{-3}\)

Pa s

Thermal conductivity43

\(\text{K}_\text{b}\)

0.52

W m\(^{-1}\) \(^\circ \)C\(^{-1}\)

Density43

\({\rho _\text{b}}\)

1050

kg m\(^{-3}\)

Pressure drop parameter37

\({\gamma }\)

1\(\times \)10\(^{14}\)

m\(^{3}\)

Arterial inlet pressure37

\(\text{P}_\text{in}\)

10.6

kPa

Venous outlet pressure37

\(\text{P}_\text{out}\)

1.60

kPa

Voxel dimensions37

 

64 \(\times \) 64 \(\times \) 333

\(\upmu \)m\(^{3}\)

Ambient temperature

\(\text{T}_{\infty }\)

20

C\(^{-1}\)

Inlet blood temperature

\(\text{T}_{in}\)

35

C\(^{-1}\)