Table 2 Awareness of the attributable fraction of cancer causes.

From: A cross-sectional survey on awareness of cancer risk factors, information sources and health behaviors for cancer prevention in Japan

 

Total

Missing (%)

Men

Women

P-valuea

Preventable fraction of cancer by eliminating (%), mean (95% CI)

Tobacco smoking

55.7 (53.6–57.8)

4.4b

51.5 (49.1–54.0)

59.4 (56.9–61.9)

 < 0.001

Cancer-causing viral and bacterial infection

52.0 (49.5–54.5)

12.7b

48.3 (45.2–51.4)

55.3 (52.3–58.2)

 < 0.001

Stress

45.8 (43.7–48.0)

5.3b

40.7 (38.3–43.2)

50.2 (47.6–52.8)

 < 0.001

Endocrine-disrupting chemicals

42.7 (40.5–44.9)

12.3b

39.7 (37.1–42.4)

45.2 (42.5–47.9)

0.0006

Air pollution

40.0 (37.8–42.2)

8.7b

36.4 (34.1–38.8)

43.1 (40.4–45.9)

 < 0.001

Occupational exposure

38.1 (36.0–40.2)

13.6b

34.1 (31.7–36.5)

41.8 (39.1–44.5)

 < 0.001

Obesity

36.6 (34.5–38.7)

8.1b

33.9 (31.4–36.3)

38.9 (36.4–41.5)

 < 0.001

Food additives and pesticides

33.9 (31.8–36.0)

7.1b

30.4 (28.0–32.9)

36.8 (34.3–39.4)

 < 0.001

Physical inactivity

31.9 (30.0–33.8)

7.4b

29.2 (27.0–31.3)

34.4 (32.0–36.7)

 < 0.001

Unbalanced diet

30.9 (29.1–32.8)

7.6b

27.4 (25.0–29.7)

34.0 (31.8–36.3)

 < 0.001

Alcohol drinking

26.2 (24.5–28.0)

10.3b

23.0 (21.0–25.1)

29.1 (26.8–31.3)

 < 0.001

Burnt fish and meat

24.9 (23.0–26.8)

7.8b

22.5 (20.2–24.9)

27.0 (24.6–29.4)

0.0019

Fraction of cancer genetically determined (%), mean (95% CI)

51.7 (49.7–53.8)

6.1b

48.0 (45.4–50.6)

55.0 (52.5–57.4)

 < 0.001

Fraction of cancer preventable by improving lifestyle (%), mean (95% CI)

34.6 (33.2–36.0)

1.8c

33.4 (31.6–35.2)

35.6 (34.0–37.2)

0.0276

  1. aContinuous variables were analyzed using weighted data for differences in means.
  2. bResponses of "I don't know" were excluded from the calculation of the attributable fraction.
  3. cUnanswered.
  4. CI: confidence interval.
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