Table 2 Comparison of outcomes [n (%)].

From: Validation of the most cost-effective nudge to promote workers’ regular self-weighing: a cluster randomized controlled trial

 

Quiz group (n = 26)

Implementation intentions group (n = 25)

Growth mindset group (n = 25)

Reference group (n = 36)

p-valuea

Among four groups

Among three groups (without Reference group)

[T0] Individuals self-weighing regularlyb

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (0)

–

–

[T1] Individuals whose behavior stage progressedc

17 (65.4)

11 (44.0)

18 (72.0)

–

–

.116

[T2] Individuals self-weighing regularlyb

14 (53.8)

15 (60.0)

18 (72.0)

–

–

.407

[T3] Individuals whose behavior stage progressedc

11 (42.3)

13 (56.0)

17 (68.0)

–

–

.179

[T3] Individuals self-weighing regularlyb

7 (26.9)

8 (32.0)

15 (60.0)

1 (2.8)

 < .001*d

.034*e

[T3] Individuals who maintained their weightsf

12 (48.0)

10 (41.7)

14 (58.3)

4 (11.1)

 < .001*d

.528

[T3] Individuals obtaining scales in 6 months

3 (11.5)

3 (12.5)

5 (20.0)

0(0)

.003

.714

[T3] Individuals obtaining supports from othersg

0 (0)

9 (39.1)

8 (32.0)

–

–

 < .001*h

[T3] Individuals who recorded their weighti

8 (30.8)

5 (20.8)

6 (25.0)

–

–

.715

[T3] Individuals who used scales at office

12 (46.2)

14 (56.0)

14 (58.3)

1 (2.8)

 < .001*d

.741

  1. Analysis excluding missing values, analysis of variance for continuous value data, χ2 test, or Fisher’s exact test (items less than 5).
  2. [T0] immediately before the workshop, [T1] immediately after the workshop, [T2] 1 month after the workshop, [T3] 6 months after the workshop.
  3. a(*) indicates a significant difference in the multiple group test (1.96 > p or − 1.96 < p in the residual analysis for the χ2 test and p < .05/6 = .008 in the Bonferroni method test for Fisher’s exact test).
  4. bThose who regularly weigh themselves at least once a week.
  5. cThose who progressed to the stages of change (including those who started regular self-weighing) compared with T0.
  6. dThe reference group was significantly low.
  7. eThe growth mindset group was significantly high in the three groups.
  8. fThose who did not gain weight for 6 months from T0.
  9. gThose who answered, “Yes” or “Yes, a little” to the question, “During the past 6 months, did you get support from the people around you regarding self-weighing?”.
  10. hThe implementation intentions group was significantly higher than the quiz group.
  11. iThose who answered “Almost continuously” or “Sometimes” to the question “During the past 6 months, did you keep a record of your regular weight measurements?”.
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