Table 3 Average difference in VAS values before/after the each interventions.
From: New treatment strategy for chronic low back pain with alpha wave neurofeedback
Pre | Post | Amount of change | p value | Effect size (d) | 95% CI | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M (SD) | M (SD) | |||||
Early-chronic | ||||||
Controls | 70.7 (15.60) | 71.7 (16.30) | 1.00 | 0.60 | 0.06 | |
CBTs | 72.2 (15.40) | 66.3 (14.21) | − 5.89 | 0.04** | 0.33 | − 7.36 to − 4.41 |
PTs | 66.3 (14.21) | 56.5 (14.74) | − 9.83 | 0.00** | 0.47 | − 12.81 to − 6.84 |
NFTs | 68.9 (15.71) | 65.2 (17.48) | − 3.72 | 0.32 | 0.22 | |
CBT-NFTs | 69.6 (14.65) | 53.6 (19.73) | − 16.00 | 0.00** | 0.92 | − 19.97 to − 12.02 |
PT-NFTs | 72.2 (18.54) | 58.8 (20.89) | − 13.39 | 0.00** | 0.68 | − 15.37 to − 11.04 |
Late-chronic | ||||||
Controls | 72.4 (15.02) | 73.6 (6.82) | 1.17 | 0.67 | 0.10 | |
CBTs | 74.6 (14.35) | 69.9 (20.34) | − 4.67 | 0.13 | 0.27 | |
PTs | 69.0 (12.78) | 65.2 (14.10) | − 3.84 | 0.21 | 0.29 | |
NFTs | 68.6 (15.14) | 69.2 (13.05) | − 0.61 | 0.87 | 0.04 | |
CBT-NFTs | 73.8 (7.30) | 66.8 (12.58) | − 7.00 | 0.00** | 0.68 | − 8.39 to − 5.60 |
PT-NFTs | 75.0 (15.80) | 68.1 (15.66) | − 6.89 | 0.04* | 0.44 | − 8.88 to − 4.26 |
