Table 2 Longitudinal association between lipid profiles and incidence of VMSs among premenopausal women free of VMSs at baseline (n = 2,540)*.

From: High low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level is associated with an increased risk of incident early-onset vasomotor symptoms

Lipid profiles

Person-years (PY)

Early-onset VMSs

Incidence rate (cases per 100 PY)

Age-adjusted HR (95% CI)

Multivariable-adjusted HR (95% CI)

Total cholesterol (mg/dL)

 < 200

7,083.30

778

11.0

Reference

Reference

200– < 240

3,363.14

380

11.3

1.03 (0.91–1.16)

0.99 (0.87–1.12)

 ≥ 240

749.75

85

11.3

0.96 (0.77–1.20)

0.92 (0.73–1.15)

P for trend

   

0.976

0.534

LDL-C (mg/dL)

 < 100

3091.91

311

10.1

Reference

Reference

100– < 130

4,570.21

522

11.4

1.17 (1.02–1.35)

1.19 (1.03–1.37)

 ≥ 130

3,534.06

411

11.6

1.23 (1.06–1.42)

1.20 (1.03–1.40)

P for trend

   

0.008

0.027

HDL-C (mg/dL)

 < 50 (abnormal)

1366.18

160

11.7

0.97 (0.82–1.15)

0.93 (0.77–1.11)

50– < 60

2,441.16

275

11.3

0.97 (0.84–1.11)

0.96 (0.83–1.10)

 ≥ 60

7,388.84

808

10.9

Reference

Reference

P for trend

   

0.629

0.366

Non-HDL (mg/dL)

 < 130

6767.28

733

10.8

Reference

Reference

130– < 160

3023.7

345

11.4

1.00 (0.88–1.13)

0.97 (0.85–1.11)

 ≥ 160

1405.2

165

11.7

1.03 (0.87–1.23)

0.98 (0.82–1.17)

P for trend

   

0.765

0.759

Triglycerides (mg/dL)

 < 100

8605.29

925

10.7

Reference

Reference

100– < 150

1921.46

231

12.0

1.13 (0.98–1.31)

1.09 (0.93–1.27)

 ≥ 150

669.43

87

13.0

1.18 (0.94–1.47)

1.06 (0.83–1.35)

P for trend

   

0.041

0.359

  1. VMSs, vasomotor symptoms; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; HDL, high-density lipoprotein.
  2. *The multivariable model was adjusted for age, body mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, diabetes, educational level, parity, physical activity, smoking status, and alcohol intake.
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