Figure 2

Comparison of micromechanical predictions and experimental measurements on the effective ME voltage coefficients: longitudinal coefficient \(\overline{a}_{E33} = {{\overline{a}_{33}^{\varepsilon } } \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{\overline{a}_{33}^{\varepsilon } } {\overline{\kappa }_{33}^{\varepsilon ,H} }}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {\overline{\kappa }_{33}^{\varepsilon ,H} }}\)(red solid lines and dots) and transverse coefficient \(\overline{a}_{E31} = {{\overline{a}_{11}^{\varepsilon } } \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{\overline{a}_{11}^{\varepsilon } } {\overline{\kappa }_{33}^{\varepsilon ,H} }}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {\overline{\kappa }_{33}^{\varepsilon ,H} }}\)(blue dashed lines and circles) for a fully constrained 60% nickel ferrite/40% PZT composite as a function of the percentage of porosity. The experimental data is obtained from Petrov et al.⁴³. ME, MT and UC are abbreviations for magnetoelectric, Mori–Tanaka and unit-cell, respectively.