Figure 2
Frequency encoding differences in female and male athletes and non-athletes. Three frequency regions were evaluated, corresponding to the fundamental frequency (F0), frequencies within the first formant (F1), and higher frequencies that are above the first formant but within the phase-locking capabilities of the midbrain (HF). The frequencies corresponding to these regions are indicated by the black horizontal bars over the FFRENV (top left) and FFRTFS (bottom left) spectra. For F0 encoding, athletes (black lines) had smaller responses than non-athletes (gray lines), for both polarities, regardless of sex (left line plots). Encoding of F1, was stronger in the athletes relative to non-athletes for both polarities. This difference was driven by greater F1 encoding in female athletes (red) than female non-athletes (pink), while male athletes (blue) were matched with non-male athletes (light blue) on F1 encoding (middle line plots). A similar effect was seen in HF encoding. (right line plots).
