Table 4 Results of the Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) sub-groups derived from brain function variables.

From: Chronic back pain sub-grouped via psychosocial, brain and physical factors using machine learning

 

Pain-free controlsa

CBP sub-group 1b

CBP sub-group 2c

CBP sub-group 3d

Mean (SE)

Mean (SE)

Mean diff (95 CI)

ES (95 CI)

p value

Mean (SE)

Mean diff (95 CI)

ES (95 CI)

p value

Mean (SE)

Mean diff (95 CI)

ES (95 CI)

p value

FPN-DMN connectivity (z)

1.33 (0.01)

2.20 (0.02)

 

0.91 (0.02)

 

0.81 (0.02)

 

Versus PF

 

0.87 (0.81, 0.93)

0.73 (0.66, 0.80)

< 0.001

− 0.43 (− 0.49, − 0.37)

− 0.35 (− 0.40, − 0.31)

< 0.001

− 0.53 (− 0.59, − 0.47)

− 0.44 (− 0.49, − 0.38)

< 0.001

FPN-SMN connectivity (z)

0.70 (0.01)

0.56 (0.02)

 

1.44 (0.02)

 

− 0.04 (0.02)

 

Versus PF

 

− 0.13 (− 0.19, − 0.08)

− 0.12 (− 0.19, − 0.05)

< 0.001

0.74 (0.68, 0.80)

0.62 (0.58, 0.67)

< 0.001

− 0.74 (− 0.79, − 0.68)

− 0.62 (− 0.68, − 0.57)

< 0.001

VN-DMN connectivity (z)

0.40 (0.01)

0.49 (0.02)

 

0.41 (0.02)

 

0.49 (0.02)

 

Versus PF

 

0.09 (0.03, 0.16)

0.08 (0.02, 0.13)

< 0.001

0.02 (− 0.05, 0.08)

0.01 (− 0.15, 0.06)

0.927

0.09 (0.03, 0.15)

0.08 (0.02, 0.13)

< 0.001

  1. Data are presented as adjusted mean (standard error). Adjusted mean differences and 95% confidence interval (95 CI) are reported. Effect sizes and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using standard formulae. All data were adjusted for age and sex. p value s were adjusted for multiple comparisons using Tukey HSD method.
  2. PF pain-free, 95 CI 95% confidence interval, ES effect size, FPN frontoparietal network, DMN default mode network, SMN sensorimotor network, VN  visual network.
  3. Significant values are in [bold].
  4. aPain-free individuals (n = 14,927; 78.2%).
  5. bCBP sub-group 1: high FPN-DMN connectivity (n = 1347; 7.1%).
  6. cCBP sub-group 2: high FPN-SMN connectivity (n = 1335; 7.0%);
  7. dCBP sub-group 3: low FPN-DMN and FPN-SMN network connectivity (n = 1474; 7.7%).
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