Table 5 Results of the Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) sub-groups derived from brain structure variables.

From: Chronic back pain sub-grouped via psychosocial, brain and physical factors using machine learning

 

Pain-free controlsa

CBP sub-group 1b

CBP sub-group 2c

Mean (SE)

Mean (SE)

Mean diff (95 CI)

ES (95 CI)

p value

Mean (SE)

Mean diff (95 CI)

ES (95 CI)

p value

Fronto-orbital cortex volume (mm3)

12,635.6 (10.4)

13,400.9 (29.5)

 

11,836.2 (27.2)

 

Versus PF

 

765.3 (692.0, 838.7)

0.60 (0.55, 0.65)

< 0.001

− 799.4 (− 867.7, − 731.2)

− 0.63 (− 0.67, − 0.58)

< 0.001

Primary motor cortex volume (mm3)

27,515.4 (23.3)

29,001.5 (65.9)

 

25,813.4 (60.7)

 

Versus PF

 

1486.1 (1322.3, 1649.8)

0.52 (0.47, 0.57)

< 0.001

− 3188.0 (− 3400.5, − 2975.6)

− 0.60 (− 0.64, − 0.55)

< 0.001

Primary somatosensory cortex volume (mm3)

21,706.0 (20.2)

22,449.1 (57.2)

 

20,551.8 (52.7)

 

Versus PF

 

743.1 (601.0, 885.2)

0.30 (0.25, 0.35)

< 0.001

− 1154.3 (− 1286.5, − 1022.0)

− 0.47 (− 0.51, − 0.42)

< 0.001

  1. Data are presented as adjusted mean (standard error). Adjusted mean differences and 95% confidence interval (95 CI) are reported. Effect sizes and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using standard formulae. All data were adjusted for age and sex. p value s were adjusted for multiple comparisons using Tukey HSD method.
  2. PF pain-free, 95 CI 95% confidence interval, ES effect size.
  3. Significant values are in [bold].
  4. aPain-free individuals (n = 14,927; 78.2%).
  5. bCBP sub-group 1: high fronto-orbital and primary motor cortex volumes (n = 1917; 10.1%);
  6. cCBP sub-group 2: low fronto-orbital and primary motor cortex volumes (n = 2239; 11.7%).
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