Table 5 Multivariate logistic regression analysis of the prognostic factors for unfavorable outcomes at 6 months post-injury in patients with ground-level falls.

From: Differences in clinical characteristics of cervical spine injuries in older adults by external causes: a multicenter study of 1512 cases

Prognostic factors

OR

95% CIs

P-value

Mortalitya

Age at injury

1.13

1.07–1.20

 < 0.001

Pre-injury Charlson comorbidity index

1.56

1.18–2.07

 < 0.01

Presence of cervical bony injury

3.35

1.50–7.48

 < 0.01

ASIA impairment scale

3.02

2.20–4.14

 < 0.001

Walking disabilityb

Age at injury

1.07

1.03–1.12

0.01

Pre-injury modified 5-item frailty index

1.63

1.11–2.39

0.01

Presence of cervical bony injury

2.03

1.11–3.74

0.02

ASIA impairment scale

4.79

3.23–7.10

 < 0.001

Difficulty in home dischargec

Age at injury

1.05

1.01–1.11

0.03

Pre-injury modified 5-item frailty index

1.91

1.28–2.85

 < 0.01

ASIA impairment scale

3.72

2.60–5.31

 < 0.001

  1. All chi-squared tests for the models showed p < 0.001, and the Hosmer–Lemeshow tests showed p = 0.16, 0.84, and 0.81, respectively.
  2. A correlation matrix was created to confirm that there was no high correlation between each explanatory variable.
  3. ASIA American Spinal Injury Association, CI confidence interval, OR odds ratio.
  4. an = 449 with a 6-month follow-up.
  5. bn = 371 who were able to walk with or without a cane before injury with a 6-month follow-up, excluding mortality cases.
  6. cn = 381 who were living at home before injury with a 6-month follow-up, excluding mortality cases.
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