Table 3 Risk factors of IADL functional decline of non-arthritis vs. arthritis groups.

From: Patterns of change and factors associated with IADL function decline in community-dwelling older adults with arthritis

Variables

Non-arthritis (n = 1672)

Arthritis (n = 150)

Exp (B)

95% CI

p

Exp (B)

95% CI

p

Age

1.028

1.020–1.036

 < 0.001

1.050

1.026–1.091

 < 0.001

Gender (ref: female)

0.560

0.574–0.736

 < 0.001

0.977

0.571–1.673

0.934

Education level (ref: College or higher)

Elementary school

1.039

0.850–1.271

0.706

0.559

0.170–1.839

0.395

Middle school

0.983

0.794–1.218

0.881

0.637

0.202–2.003

0.441

High school or higher

0.935

0.633–1.381

0.736

0.475

0.164–1.377

0.171

Marital status (ref: No)

1.068

0.800–1.195

0.828

1.167

0.817–1.667

0.395

Present job (ref: Yes)

1.153

1.039–1.279

0.007

1.376

0.893–2.119

0.147

Residential area (ref. Large city)

Medium city

1.025

0.908–1.158

0.684

0.924

0.632–1.352

0.687

Rural areas

1.234

1.100–1.385

 < 0.001

0.884

0.586–1.333

0.559

Smoking (ref. non-smokers)

Current smokers

0.905

0.689–0.841

0.111

0.688

0.376–1.259

0.225

Drinking (ref. current drinker)

Non-drinkers

0.761

0.689–0.841

 < 0.001

1.134

0.710–1.812

0.596

Regular exercise (ref. Yes)

No

1.253

1.153–1.362

 < 0.001

1.143

0.838–1.561

0.786

Number of chronic diseases

1.155

1.105–1.208

 < 0.001

1.311

1.142–1.504

 < 0.001

Depressive symptoms (CES-D10)

1.070

1.056–1.084

 < 0.001

1.070

1.020–1.222

 < 0.001

Cognitive function (K-MMSE)

0.894

0.887–0.901

 < 0.001

0.901

0.877–0.926

 < 0.001

BMI

0.974

0.959–0.989

0.001

1.005

0.946–1.067

0.862

 

Prob > chi2 = < 0.001

Prob > chi2 = < 0.001

  1. Significant values are in bold.
  2. IADL instrumental activities of daily living, BMI body mass index, CES-D10 Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, MMSE Mini Mental State Examination, CI confidential interval.
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