Table 4 Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses of death probability according to low muscularity, low muscle radiodensity, high neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and composite score in patients with COVID-19.

From: Low skeletal muscle radiodensity and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as predictors of poor outcome in patients with COVID-19

Characteristic

Univariate analysis

Multivariate analysis

OR

95% CI

P value

OR

95% CI

P value

Low SMA

All Patients

2.04

0.999–4.15

0.050

2.02

0.80–5.12

0.136

Female

0.54

0.17–1.70

0.293

0.53

0.06–5.02

0.581

Male

5.00

1.85–13.53

0.002

8.33

2.21–31.32

0.002

Low SMI

All Patients

0.80

0.24–2.59

0.704

1.00

0.22–4.48

0.998

Female

0.17

0.026–1.10

0.063

0.217

0.00–78.49

0.612

Male

2.62

0.32–21.48

0.370

2.68

0.23–31.91

0.435

Low SMD

All Patients

6.35

2.97–13.59

 < 0.001

3.33

1.28–8.65

0.014

Female

10.2

3.13–33.19

 < 0.001

14.87

1.42–155.64

0.024

Male

4.55

1.66–12.46

0.003

2.84

0.83–9.74

0.096

High NLR

5.04

1.88–13.55

0.001

4.39

1.40–13.77

0.011

Composite score

Either (low SMD or high NLR)

9.75

1.25–76.05

0.030

10.42

1.03–105.21

0.047

Both (low SMD and high NLR)

44.57

5.72–347.08

 < 0.001

28.88

2.77–300.77

0.005

  1. The Cox model was adjusted for age (continuous), BMI (continuous), ≥ 1 comorbidities (categorical), ≥ 2 comorbidities (categorical), creatinine (categorical), hemoglobin (categorical), alanine aminotransferase (categorical), sodium (categorical), and prothrombin time (categorical) and covariate missing data was completed with the variable median.
  2. CI confidence interval, OR odds ratio, NLR neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, SMA skeletal muscle area, SMD skeletal muscle radiodensity, SMI skeletal muscle index.
  3. Bold indicates P value is statistcally significant.
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