Figure 1

IPV Syndemics in South Africa. Green area indicates intersect of clusters in physical IPV, HIV, and harmful alcohol use where RERI > 0, AP > 0 and S > 1. Light blue indicates cluster of lowest wealth index quintile as a side note in image A. As noted previously, syndemic theory12 synergistic clustering of population health conditions has socioeconomic adversities. Area B in image A is magnified in the image B. Area C in image A is magnified in the image C. The map was created using QGIS 3.10 (https://www.qgis.org/en/site/forusers/visualchangelog310/index.html).