Figure 4
From: Timing of vagus nerve stimulation during fear extinction determines efficacy in a rat model of PTSD
Percent of improvement from day 1 of extinction to retention test after extinction training. Sham VNS rats failed to show significant reduction in conditioned fear after extinction. All VNS groups showed significant reduction in conditioned fear, with the most robust effects seen in the groups that received During VNS or Continuous VNS. Data are represented by the mean ± SEM using the average of the five trials from each session, and analyzed by paired t-tests. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.005, ***p < 0.0005. Sham (n = 11), VNS during (n = 10), VNS between (n = 11), VNS dispersed (n = 9), VNS continuous (n = 11).
