Table 4 Unit Root Test.
Vr | LLC | Breitung | CIPS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Level | 1st diff. | Level | 1st diff. | Level | 1st diff | |
lGHG |  − 1.16781 |  − 3.15327*** | 0.26418 |  − 5.73555*** | 2.04830 |  − 8.68736*** |
lGT |  − 1.89452** |  − 7.78981*** |  − 2.26184** |  − 3.82286*** |  − 0.67430 |  − 5.67483*** |
lFDI |  − 1.39536** |  − 10.5733*** |  − 4.22134*** |  − 4.49438*** |  − 4.76324*** |  − 12.6738*** |
lGDP | 3.62628 |  − 5.65180*** | 0.80827 |  − 7.36270*** | 1.31810 |  − 5.69569*** |
lIMP | 0.30058 |  − 7.6.835*** |  − 0.70295 |  − 7.23184*** |  − 0.87331 |  − 8.09093*** |
lEXP |  − 0.20032 |  − 2.01365** | 1.15181 |  − 2.50794*** |  − 0.32172 |  − 3.99091*** |
lGE | 0.42641 |  − 4.41745*** | 0.50730 |  − 6.74013*** | 0.40893 |  − 5.90183*** |
lEF | 0.05227 |  − 6.35528*** | 1.16734 |  − 3.71679*** | 0.86602 |  − 7.12394*** |
