Figure 1 | Scientific Reports

Figure 1

From: Daily preventive zinc supplementation increases the antibody response against pathogenic Escherichia coli in children with zinc insufficiency: a randomised controlled trial

Figure 1

Plasma IgG levels in response to pathogenic Escherichia coli of the four intervention groups. (a) Plasma samples from baseline and endline of each intervention group (Control, n = 50; TZ, therapeutic zinc with diarrhoea, n = 48; MNP, zinc-containing micronutrient powder, n = 47; PZ, preventive zinc, n = 50) were used to determine the anti-E. coli IgG levels. The bars represent the median with the interquartile range of each group and each dot represents an individual sample. The P-value was determined with the Kruskal–Wallis test. (b) Changes in the antibody level in each individual. The P-values indicate significant differences between baseline and endline of each intervention group determined by the Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test (**P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; ns, non-significant). (c) The pie charts show the percentages of children who showed no change or an increase or decrease of at least 10% in antibody levels at endline compared with baseline for each group. (d) Chi-square analysis of the relative risk and P-values of increasing antibody levels for each intervention group compared with the Control group.

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