Table 3 Univariate analysis by Cox proportional hazard analysis and multivariate analysis by bootstrap for LSCEs as the endpoint.

From: Ultrasound-assessed diaphragm dysfunction predicts clinical outcomes in hemodialysis patients

Factors

Univariate analysis

Multivariate analysis

SE

WaldX2

p value

HR(95%CI)

SE

Z-value

p value

HR(95%CI)

Age

≥ 45and < 70

0.50

1.73

0.189

1.93 (0.72–5.15)

0.05

10.98

< 0.001

1.79 (1.62–1.99)

≥ 70

0.56

9.28

0.002

5.47 (1.83–16.34)

0.07

24.65

< 0.001

5.01 (4.41–5.69)

Male

0.35

0.38

0.536

1.24 (0.63–2.47)

    

BMI

< 18.5

0.56

0.12

0.727

1.22 (0.41–3.61)

0.06

0.76

0.225

1.05 (0.93–1.19)

≥ 24 and < 28

0.41

2.59

0.108

1.94 (0.87–4.36)

0.04

13.41

< 0.001

1.67 (1.55–1.80)

≥ 28

0.52

9.21

0.002

4.90 (1.76–13.66)

0.05

10.62

< 0.001

1.72 (1.56–1.90)

Hypertension(yes)

1.01

0.85

0.356

2.55 (0.35–18.63)

    

CVDs (yes)

0.38

20.00

< 0.001

5.45 (2.59–11.44)

0.03

10.15

< 0.001

1.38 (1.30–1.47)

CHF (yes)

0.43

55.91

< 0.001

24.24 (10.51–55.90)

0.06

58.44

< 0.001

31.39 (27.96–35.24)

Diabetes mellitus (yes)

0.34

10.76

0.001

3.07 (1.57–5.99)

0.04

6.08

< 0.001

1.28 (1.18–1.38)

Smoking(yes)

0.34

2.31

0.129

1.67 (0.86–3.25)

    

Hemoglobin

0.01

0.26

0.608

1.00 (0.98–1.01)

    

Albumin

0.04

4.60

0.032

0.92 (0.85–0.99)

0.00

− 19.99

< 0.001

0.96 (0.95–0.96)

FBG

0.06

1.80

0.180

1.08 (0.97–1.20)

    

LVEF

0.01

19.43

< 0.001

0.95 (0.93–0.97)

0.00

− 48.67

< 0.001

0.96 (0.95–0.96)

DD+

0.35

3.98

0.046

1.99 (1.01–3.92)

0.02

15.73

< 0.001

1.47 (1.40–1.55)

TC

0.16

0.60

0.440

0.89 (0.65–1.21)

    

LDLC

0.23

1.94

0.163

0.73 (0.47–1.14)

    

ACEIs or ARBs(yes)

0.35

0.03

0.865

1.06 (0.54–2.09)

    

β-blockers(yes)

0.35

1.31

0.252

0.67 (0.34–1.33)

    

Statins(yes)

1.02

0.04

0.839

0.81 (0.11–5.95)

    

Antiplatelet drugs(yes)

0.34

6.61

0.010

2.42 (1.23–4.73)

0.02

− 4.32

< 0.001

0.91 (0.87–0.95)

  1. SE, standard error; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; BMI, body mass index; CVDs, cardiovascular diseases; CHF, chronic heart failure; FBG, fasting blood glucose; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; DD+, diaphragm dysfunction; TC, total cholesterol; LDLC, low density lipoprotein cholesterol; ACEIs, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors; ARBs, angiotensin receptor blockers.
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