Figure 1
From: Two-stage variable-fidelity modeling of antennas with domain confinement

Basics of confined modeling68: (a) the objectives’ space F, (b) design space X (black circles mark the trial points, grey surface indicates the manifold of optimum designs UF(F)). The image of the first-layer metamodel sI(F) yields a rough assessment of the manifold, so it needs to be outstretched to encompass entire UF(F).