Figure 1

Stimuli used in the current study. (a) The full-field stimulus with radial sinusoidal grating covering both the center and surround areas. (b) The scotoma stimulus in which two mean-luminance blank zones (“scotomata”) located on the left and right visual fields in the 8° eccentricity periphery. (c) The center stimulus is the inverse of the scotoma stimulus where only the central regions corresponding to the “scotoma” contain sinusoidal grating pattern. (d) The high-contrast flickering (5 Hz) checkerboard pattern located in the scotoma regions used in the localizer scanning sessions. The red arrows and white numbers indicate the eccentricity (8°) and size (16.8°) in visual angle, whereas the green lines and curve and yellow number indicate the rotation angle of one of the crescents. The crescent width was set to be 2.8°. These symbols and numbers were not presented together with the stimulus during the experiment.