Table 1 Detailed information on Indian populations of Phenacoccus solenopsis used in the current study.
Name of the population | Geographic origin (agro-climatic zone—States) | GPS coordinates | Common insecticides used for controlling sucking pest of cotton | Average number of spray by cotton farmers | Stage of the crop | Adjacent crops | Remark (observed pest and practice) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Junagadh, (Gujarat, India) | South Saurashtra Agro Climatic Zone | 21°48′ 43″ N 70° 44′ 05″ E | Imidacloprid, Profenofos, Acetamipirid, Fipronil, Monocrotophos, Thiodicarb Dimethoate, Buprofezin, Chlorpyrifos, Cypermethrin, | 8–10 | Flowering | Pigeon pea | Mealybug, Whitefly, Jassids, Aphids, Red cotton bug. Pre treatment of seed with imidacloprid; 8 rounds of sprays against sucking pests |
Ludhiana (Punjab, India), | Trans Gangetic Plains Region-Punjab | 30° 53′46″ N 75° 51′ 32″ E | Thiodicarb, Buprofezin, Dimethoate, Chlorpyrifos, Profenofos, Monocrotophos, Cypermethrin, Deltamethrin | 10–12 | Boll busting | Cotton and Okra | Mealybug, Whitefly, Jassids, Aphids, Earias sp. Pre-treatment of seed with imidacloprid; 10–12 rounds of sprays against sucking pests; 2- 3 sprays for mealybug control |
Saoner (Maharashtra, India), | Central Vidarbha | 21° 38′ 59″ N 78° 92′ 14″ E | Imidacloprid, Profenofos, Dimethoate, Buprofezin, Chlorpyrifos, Fipronil, Monocrotophos, Cypermethrin, Deltamethrin, lambdacyhalothrin | 10–12 | Boll formation | Sorghum | Mealybug, Whitefly, Jassids, Aphids, Red cotton bug. Pre-treatment of seed with imidacloprid; 2–4 rounds of sprays with imidacloprid followed by other chemicals |
Chhindwara (Madhya Pradesh, India) | Satpura Plateau | 22° 07′ 56″ N 78° 93′ 30″ E | Imidacloprid, Thiodicarb Buprofezin, Chlorpyrifos, Monocrotophos | 8–10 | Boll Formation | Sorghum | Mealybug, Whitefly, Jassids, Aphids, Red cotton bug. Pre-treatment of seed with imidacloprid; 8–10 sprays targeted against sucking pests |
